{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414348471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599138","title":"Distributed Movable Antenna Systems for Reliable, Flexible, and Resilient Communications: Architectures, Techniques, and Challenges","display_name":"Distributed Movable Antenna Systems for Reliable, Flexible, and Resilient Communications: Architectures, Techniques, and Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414348471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3599138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053119799","display_name":"Gaofeng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153896","display_name":"Zhengzhou Institute of Machinery","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3bvt56","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153896"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gaofeng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-5717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011337228","display_name":"Yanxin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1874-5102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099044970","display_name":"Yanci Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9017-7196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanci Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9017-7196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059605007","display_name":"Zizheng Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-4549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zizheng Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-4549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090361322","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-2551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-2551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047862167","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053119799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153896"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91579384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"217","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6901000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-antenna-system","display_name":"Distributed antenna system","score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-height-considerations","display_name":"Antenna height considerations","score":0.3637000024318695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.808899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6901000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775957982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283138","display_name":"Distributed antenna system","level":3,"score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155050386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068623","display_name":"Antenna height considerations","level":3,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3599138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366321118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M774201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042692820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2436203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4323693889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7579299780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"antenna":[1,37,68,104,127],"systems,":[2],"constrained":[3],"by":[4,145],"static":[5],"architectures,":[6],"are":[7,166,174],"increasingly":[8],"unable":[9],"to":[10,46,102,135,156],"support":[11],"the":[12,25,95,115,132,137,158,177],"reliable,":[13],"flexible,":[14],"and":[15,63,74,106,125,141,154],"resilient":[16],"communications":[17],"demanded":[18],"in":[19],"dynamic":[20],"environments.":[21],"This":[22],"article":[23],"introduces":[24],"Distributed":[26],"Movable":[27,42],"Antenna":[28,43],"System":[29],"(DMAS),":[30],"a":[31,88,148],"novel":[32],"architecture":[33,90],"that":[34],"combines":[35],"local":[36],"mobility":[38],"with":[39],"distributed":[40,61],"Remote":[41],"Units":[44],"(RMAUs)":[45],"exploit":[47],"spatial":[48],"degrees":[49],"of":[50,91,97,160,180],"freedom":[51],"(DoF)":[52],"across":[53],"large":[54],"geographical":[55],"areas.":[56],"By":[57],"extending":[58],"coverage":[59],"through":[60],"deployment":[62,169],"enhancing":[64],"channel":[65,123],"quality":[66],"via":[67],"adjustments,":[69],"DMAS":[70],"enables":[71],"more":[72],"adaptive":[73],"robust":[75],"wireless":[76],"transmissions":[77],"under":[78],"intricate":[79],"propagation":[80],"conditions.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"article,":[84],"we":[85,99],"initially":[86],"introduce":[87],"representative":[89],"DMAS.":[92,146,161,181],"To":[93],"illustrate":[94],"advantages":[96],"DMAS,":[98],"compare":[100],"it":[101],"existing":[103],"systems":[105],"propose":[107],"its":[108],"potential":[109,163],"application":[110],"scenarios.":[111],"We":[112,129],"then":[113,130],"examine":[114],"main":[116],"design":[117],"considerations,":[118],"including":[119],"RMAU":[120],"deployment,":[121],"synchronization,":[122],"estimation,":[124],"movable":[126],"optimization.":[128],"present":[131],"simulation":[133],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"increased":[138],"signal":[139],"strength":[140],"system":[142],"capacity":[143],"provided":[144],"Furthermore,":[147],"general":[149],"optimization":[150,159],"framework":[151],"is":[152],"outlined":[153],"discussed":[155],"guide":[157],"Ultimately,":[162],"integration":[164],"prospects":[165],"investigated,":[167],"significant":[168],"obstacles,":[170],"alongside":[171],"viable":[172],"solutions,":[173],"addressed":[175],"for":[176],"practical":[178],"implementation":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
