{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953254269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2019.1800522","title":"Internet of Autonomous Vehicles: Architecture, Features, and Socio-Technological Challenges","display_name":"Internet of Autonomous Vehicles: Architecture, Features, and Socio-Technological Challenges","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953254269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2019.1800522","mag":"2953254269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2019.1800522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2019.1800522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.09918","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020503339","display_name":"Furqan Jameel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-8803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Jameel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042441651","display_name":"Zheng Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020146420","display_name":"Jun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9393-4416"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Posts and Telecommunications","[University of Posts and Telecommunications]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Posts and Telecommunications]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086891852","display_name":"Tapani Ristaniemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-3968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110178","display_name":"Magister Solutions (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mdh2992","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110178"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapani Ristaniemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magister Solutions Ltd","[Magister Solutions Ltd.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magister Solutions Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Magister Solutions Ltd.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2741,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5386221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"21","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5961989760398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaps","display_name":"LEAPS","score":0.5910828113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5900840759277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.5054614543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4683398902416229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.46061229705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4525817632675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38625532388687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29162073135375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24092823266983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2084747850894928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18553435802459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.17993563413619995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5961989760398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777705401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6457570","display_name":"LEAPS","level":2,"score":0.5910828113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5900840759277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5054614543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4683398902416229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.46061229705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4525817632675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38625532388687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29162073135375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24092823266983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2084747850894928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18553435802459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.17993563413619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2019.1800522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2019.1800522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.09918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.09918","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.09918","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.09918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.09918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:2953254269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.09918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.09918","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.09918","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4399999976158142},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953254269.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969907290","https://openalex.org/W2028061448","https://openalex.org/W2157646602","https://openalex.org/W2160272733","https://openalex.org/W2511467044","https://openalex.org/W2605270919","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2761414685","https://openalex.org/W2769498278","https://openalex.org/W2789986657","https://openalex.org/W2807018862","https://openalex.org/W2896406521","https://openalex.org/W2962747477","https://openalex.org/W3145588012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969476102","https://openalex.org/W2792149140","https://openalex.org/W3115963393","https://openalex.org/W2082011405","https://openalex.org/W3125651748","https://openalex.org/W2735527383","https://openalex.org/W2888452595","https://openalex.org/W2895251923","https://openalex.org/W3048723964","https://openalex.org/W2334411639","https://openalex.org/W3102205925","https://openalex.org/W1565161510","https://openalex.org/W2380639973","https://openalex.org/W3147372252","https://openalex.org/W3099769178","https://openalex.org/W3088836557","https://openalex.org/W2524299630","https://openalex.org/W2607916534","https://openalex.org/W1564332015","https://openalex.org/W2974747557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobility":[0],"is":[1,139],"the":[2,13,16,21,30,43,89,98,104,117,124,142,152,167,186,193],"backbone":[3],"of":[4,15,23,32,68,76,91,100,109,128,135,145,151,157,169,189],"urban":[5],"life":[6],"and":[7,20,39,54,107,130,160,175,178],"a":[8,85,113],"vital":[9],"economic":[10],"factor":[11],"in":[12,29,70,155,192],"development":[14],"world.":[17],"Rapid":[18],"urbanization":[19],"growth":[22],"mega-cities":[24],"are":[25,41],"bringing":[26],"dramatic":[27],"changes":[28],"capabilities":[31],"vehicles.":[33],"Innovative":[34],"solutions":[35],"like":[36],"autonomy,":[37],"electrification,":[38],"connectivity":[40,51],"on":[42,116],"horizon.":[44],"How,":[45],"then,":[46],"we":[47,122,171],"can":[48,184],"provide":[49],"ubiquitous":[50],"to":[52,60,164],"legacy":[53],"autonomous":[55,190],"vehicles?":[56],"This":[57,138],"article":[58,83],"seeks":[59],"answer":[61],"this":[62,82],"question":[63],"by":[64,102,112,141],"combining":[65],"recent":[66],"leaps":[67],"innovation":[69],"network":[71],"virtualization":[72],"with":[73],"remarkable":[74],"feats":[75],"wireless":[77],"communications.":[78],"To":[79],"do":[80],"so,":[81],"proposes":[84],"novel":[86],"paradigm":[87],"called":[88],"Internet":[90],"Autonomous":[92],"Vehicles":[93],"(IoAV).":[94],"We":[95],"begin":[96],"painting":[97],"picture":[99],"IoAV":[101,129],"discussing":[103],"salient":[105],"features":[106],"applications":[108],"IoAV,":[110,146,170],"followed":[111,140],"detailed":[114],"discussion":[115],"key":[118],"enabling":[119],"technologies.":[120],"Next,":[121],"describe":[123],"proposed":[125,153],"layered":[126],"architecture":[127,154],"uncover":[131],"some":[132,173,181],"critical":[133],"functions":[134],"each":[136],"layer.":[137],"performance":[143],"evaluation":[144],"which":[147],"shows":[148],"significant":[149],"advantages":[150],"terms":[156],"transmission":[158],"time":[159],"energy":[161],"consumption.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"best":[165],"capture":[166],"benefits":[168],"enumerate":[172],"social":[174],"technological":[176],"challenges,":[177],"explain":[179],"how":[180],"unresolved":[182],"issues":[183],"disrupt":[185],"widespread":[187],"use":[188],"vehicles":[191],"future.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
