{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886485362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.1800365","title":"Optimizing Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks by Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Optimizing Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks by Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886485362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.1800365","mag":"2886485362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2018.1800365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.1800365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013311265","display_name":"Nei Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nei Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063911030","display_name":"Zubair Md. Fadlullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Md. Fadlullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007662359","display_name":"Fengxiao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-4802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengxiao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015739734","display_name":"Bomin Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-5972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bomin Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103032693","display_name":"Shigenori Tani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-2659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigenori Tani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113530575","display_name":"Atsushi Okamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Okamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050448","display_name":"Jiajia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-8866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013311265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":411.2849,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":400,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99995298,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"140","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8909350633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.559518039226532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.49524441361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.42824485898017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42570990324020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.4222065806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.4218706786632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.420823872089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.34034645557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3336649537086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3208431005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1779317855834961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8909350633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.559518039226532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.49524441361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.42824485898017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42570990324020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.4222065806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4218706786632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.420823872089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.34034645557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3336649537086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3208431005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1779317855834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2018.1800365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.1800365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344764007","https://openalex.org/W2422691685","https://openalex.org/W2521915382","https://openalex.org/W2566425973","https://openalex.org/W2617931713","https://openalex.org/W2618675663","https://openalex.org/W2620303912","https://openalex.org/W2761599262","https://openalex.org/W2767151733","https://openalex.org/W2772589475","https://openalex.org/W2789441909","https://openalex.org/W2789896367","https://openalex.org/W2803418695","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2963673968","https://openalex.org/W6745040976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084288121","https://openalex.org/W2139552959","https://openalex.org/W2086593384","https://openalex.org/W1575655116","https://openalex.org/W2142317549","https://openalex.org/W2327934204","https://openalex.org/W2145917343","https://openalex.org/W1484589570","https://openalex.org/W1989266306","https://openalex.org/W2027336428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"widely":[2],"acknowledged":[3],"that":[4,174],"the":[5,33,66,89,98,113,120,152,175,186],"development":[6],"of":[7,92,100,137,188],"traditional":[8],"terrestrial":[9,34],"communication":[10,55],"technologies":[11],"cannot":[12],"provide":[13],"all":[14],"users":[15,38],"with":[16,71],"fair":[17],"and":[18,27,48,79,139,159],"high":[19],"quality":[20],"services":[21],"due":[22,87],"to":[23,53,64,88,116,166,184],"scarce":[24],"network":[25,94],"resources":[26],"limited":[28],"coverage":[29],"areas.":[30],"To":[31,96],"complement":[32],"connection,":[35],"especially":[36],"for":[37],"in":[39,128],"rural,":[40],"disaster-stricken,":[41],"or":[42],"other":[43],"difficult-to-serve":[44],"areas,":[45],"satellites,":[46],"UAVs,":[47],"balloons":[49],"have":[50,61],"been":[51,62],"utilized":[52],"relay":[54],"signals.":[56],"On":[57],"this":[58,109],"basis,":[59],"SAGINs":[60,82,138],"proposed":[63],"improve":[65,97,167,185],"users'":[67],"QoE.":[68],"However,":[69],"compared":[70],"existing":[72],"networks":[73,78],"such":[74],"as":[75,119,156],"ad":[76],"hoc":[77],"cellular":[80],"networks,":[81],"are":[83,103],"much":[84],"more":[85],"complex":[86],"various":[90],"characteristics":[91],"three":[93],"segments.":[95],"performance":[99,187],"SAGINs,":[101,118],"researchers":[102],"facing":[104],"many":[105,129],"unprecedented":[106],"challenges.":[107],"In":[108],"article,":[110],"we":[111,150],"propose":[112,160],"AI":[114,121],"technique":[115,122,178],"optimize":[117],"has":[123],"shown":[124],"its":[125],"predominant":[126],"advantages":[127],"applications.":[130],"We":[131],"first":[132],"analyze":[133],"several":[134],"main":[135],"challenges":[136],"explain":[140],"how":[141],"these":[142],"problems":[143],"can":[144,179],"be":[145,180],"solved":[146],"by":[147],"AI.":[148],"Then,":[149],"consider":[151],"satellite":[153],"traffic":[154,168],"balance":[155],"an":[157,181],"example":[158],"a":[161],"deep":[162,176],"learning":[163,177],"based":[164],"method":[165],"control":[169],"performance.":[170],"Simulation":[171],"results":[172],"evaluate":[173],"efficient":[182],"tool":[183],"SAGINs.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}