{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115603171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2012.6155873","title":"Dynamic spectrum access: from cognitive radio to network radio","display_name":"Dynamic spectrum access: from cognitive radio to network radio","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115603171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2012.6155873","mag":"2115603171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2012.6155873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2012.6155873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101882677","display_name":"Min Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-9816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121180","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I4210113499","https://openalex.org/I4210121180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, USA","Division of Computer and Network Systems, Computer and Information Science and Engineering, National Science Foundation, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer and Network Systems, Computer and Information Science and Engineering, National Science Foundation, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I4210121180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074327315","display_name":"Chunsheng Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-2849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103087548","display_name":"Norfolk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/030pydv62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103087548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunsheng Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norfolk State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norfolk State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103087548"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101792559","display_name":"Yanxiao Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxiao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692488","display_name":"Xiuzhen Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5912-4647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhen Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.1377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":309,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99876062,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8981671333312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.7989844679832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.7775799036026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7657278776168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5842287540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.5588407516479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5411897897720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5316952466964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.471280038356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-allocation","display_name":"Frequency allocation","score":0.4393954277038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-management","display_name":"Access management","score":0.4360734224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-technology","display_name":"Access technology","score":0.4263593852519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.4216664731502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4129515588283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.33092397451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32759878039360046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8981671333312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.7989844679832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.7775799036026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7657278776168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5842287540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5588407516479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5411897897720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5316952466964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.471280038356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134579502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455619","display_name":"Frequency allocation","level":2,"score":0.4393954277038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4488810","display_name":"Access management","level":2,"score":0.4360734224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983646967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Access technology","level":3,"score":0.4263593852519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.4216664731502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4129515588283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.33092397451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32759878039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2012.6155873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2012.6155873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991362296","https://openalex.org/W2023073417","https://openalex.org/W2102720456","https://openalex.org/W2103102207","https://openalex.org/W2109066213","https://openalex.org/W2113749736","https://openalex.org/W2121528570","https://openalex.org/W2127593435","https://openalex.org/W2136816673","https://openalex.org/W2153831889","https://openalex.org/W2158604761","https://openalex.org/W2162333578","https://openalex.org/W2172139273","https://openalex.org/W6677804290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756384182","https://openalex.org/W2034515435","https://openalex.org/W1490150884","https://openalex.org/W2742904118","https://openalex.org/W2397341284","https://openalex.org/W1994734174","https://openalex.org/W2085368053","https://openalex.org/W2755788478","https://openalex.org/W2382936678","https://openalex.org/W2171802618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"spectrum":[1,6,17,25,35,40,77,80,119],"access":[2,14],"is":[3,28,105,121,159],"a":[4,29,101,186],"new":[5,102],"sharing":[7,120],"paradigm":[8],"that":[9,87],"allows":[10],"secondary":[11],"users":[12,110],"to":[13,32,61,72,97,139,161,167],"the":[15,23,34,55,73,85,108,124,130,141,144,155,178,183,196],"abundant":[16],"holes":[18],"or":[19],"white":[20],"spaces":[21],"in":[22,50,76,112],"licensed":[24,109],"bands.":[26],"DSA":[27,43,58,89,103,113,126,153],"promising":[30],"technology":[31],"alleviate":[33],"scarcity":[36],"problem":[37],"and":[38,59,79,114,134,165,172,189],"increase":[39],"utilization.":[41],"While":[42],"has":[44],"attracted":[45],"many":[46],"research":[47],"efforts":[48],"recently,":[49],"this":[51,151],"article,":[52],"we":[53,83],"discuss":[54,190],"challenges":[56,86],"of":[57,147],"aim":[60],"shed":[62],"light":[63],"on":[64],"its":[65,191],"future.":[66],"We":[67,94,176],"first":[68],"give":[69],"an":[70],"introduction":[71],"state-of-":[74],"the-art":[75],"sensing":[78],"sharing.":[81],"Then,":[82],"examine":[84],"prevent":[88],"from":[90],"major":[91],"commercial":[92,145],"deployment.":[93],"believe":[95],"that,":[96],"address":[98],"these":[99],"challenges,":[100],"model":[104,127],"critical,":[106],"where":[107],"cooperate":[111],"hence":[115],"much":[116],"more":[117],"flexible":[118],"possible.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"future":[125,152,156,179,200],"should":[128],"consider":[129],"political,":[131],"social,":[132],"economic,":[133],"technological":[135],"factors":[136],"all":[137],"together,":[138],"pave":[140],"way":[142],"for":[143,199],"success":[146],"DSA.":[148,201],"To":[149],"support":[150],"model,":[154],"cognitive":[157,180],"radio":[158,181],"expected":[160],"have":[162],"additional":[163],"components":[164],"capabilities,":[166],"enforce":[168],"policy,":[169],"provide":[170],"incentive":[171],"coexistence":[173],"mechanisms,":[174],"etc.":[175],"call":[177],"with":[182],"expanded":[184],"capabilities":[185],"network":[187],"radio,":[188],"architecture":[192],"as":[193,195],"well":[194],"design":[197],"issues":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
