{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119012490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751298","title":"Physical layer security in wireless networks: a tutorial","display_name":"Physical layer security in wireless networks: a tutorial","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119012490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751298","mag":"2119012490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2011.5751298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076197453","display_name":"Yi-Sheng Shiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Sheng Shiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, China","National Tsing Hua University, , Hsinchu, Taiw\u00e1n"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, , Hsinchu, Taiw\u00e1n","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002859892","display_name":"Shih Yu Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, China","National Tsing Hua University, , Hsinchu, Taiw\u00e1n"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, , Hsinchu, Taiw\u00e1n","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040614086","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Chun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Chun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, USA","Louisiana State University,Baton Rouge,LA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University,Baton Rouge,LA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012720554","display_name":"Scott C.-H. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-1325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","City University of Hong Kong, Hong kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084739355","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Hwa Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Hwa Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan","National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,  Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,  Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.8761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":894,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99666564,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"66","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.870638370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.8252888917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7076700925827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.6472913026809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5885575413703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5745567679405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5254294872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5011396408081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.49962639808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-security","display_name":"Wireless security","score":0.4746675491333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20934242010116577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.870638370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8252888917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7076700925827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.6472913026809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5885575413703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5745567679405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5254294872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5011396408081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.49962639808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655812","display_name":"Wireless security","level":4,"score":0.4746675491333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20934242010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2011.5751298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170281260","https://openalex.org/W1501138545","https://openalex.org/W1528497439","https://openalex.org/W1530725682","https://openalex.org/W1584422250","https://openalex.org/W1743004868","https://openalex.org/W1970421168","https://openalex.org/W1973384884","https://openalex.org/W1986090422","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2022956935","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2091307460","https://openalex.org/W2102654676","https://openalex.org/W2102662716","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2133103104","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2142105508","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2145577744","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2170579757","https://openalex.org/W2170733622","https://openalex.org/W2983170364","https://openalex.org/W6631938339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801712179","https://openalex.org/W3045882672","https://openalex.org/W4313315695","https://openalex.org/W4211070069","https://openalex.org/W2560615025","https://openalex.org/W2995805091","https://openalex.org/W2064946300","https://openalex.org/W3198833577","https://openalex.org/W3010964467","https://openalex.org/W3026705917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"networking":[1],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"extremely":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,73,93,112],"civil":[8],"and":[9,43,105],"military":[10],"applications.":[11],"However,":[12],"security":[13,68,120],"of":[14,53,89,95],"information":[15],"transfer":[16],"via":[17,122],"wireless":[18,55,74],"networks":[19],"remains":[20],"a":[21,54,60],"challenging":[22],"issue.":[23],"It":[24],"is":[25,91],"critical":[26],"to":[27,35,66,127],"ensure":[28],"that":[29],"confidential":[30],"data":[31],"are":[32,45],"accessible":[33],"only":[34],"the":[36,50,70],"intended":[37],"users":[38],"rather":[39],"than":[40],"intruders.":[41],"Jamming":[42],"eavesdropping":[44],"two":[46,96,129],"primary":[47],"attacks":[48],"at":[49,69],"physical":[51,71],"layer":[52,72],"network.":[56],"This":[57],"article":[58],"offers":[59],"tutorial":[61],"on":[62,81],"several":[63],"prevalent":[64],"methods":[65,79],"enhance":[67],"networks.":[75],"We":[76],"classify":[77],"these":[78,128],"based":[80],"their":[82,101,109,119],"characteristic":[83],"features":[84],"into":[85],"five":[86],"categories,":[87],"each":[88],"which":[90],"discussed":[92],"terms":[94],"metrics.":[97,130],"First,":[98],"we":[99,107,117],"compare":[100],"secret":[102],"channel":[103],"capacities,":[104],"then":[106],"show":[108],"computational":[110],"complexities":[111],"exhaustive":[113],"key":[114],"search.":[115],"Finally,":[116],"illustrate":[118],"requirements":[121],"some":[123],"examples":[124],"with":[125],"respect":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
