{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102619686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751291","title":"Accurate and reliable soldier and first responder indoor positioning: multisensor systems and cooperative localization","display_name":"Accurate and reliable soldier and first responder indoor positioning: multisensor systems and cooperative localization","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102619686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751291","mag":"2102619686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2011.5751291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008830350","display_name":"Jouni Rantakokko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jouni Rantakokko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden","Swedish Defence Research Agency ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Defence Research Agency ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063812316","display_name":"Joakim Rydell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joakim Rydell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden","Swedish Defence Research Agency ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Defence Research Agency ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036627720","display_name":"Peter Str\u00f6mb\u00e4ck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Str\u00f6mb\u00e4ck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden","Swedish Defence Research Agency ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Defence Research Agency ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024989358","display_name":"Peter H\u00e4ndel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2718-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter H\u00e4ndel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Institute Of Technology","Royal Inst. of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Institute Of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Inst. of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051156997","display_name":"Jonas Callmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Callmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","Link\u00f6ping University,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032202190","display_name":"David T\u00f6rnqvist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David T\u00f6rnqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","Link\u00f6ping University,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058002446","display_name":"Fredrik Gustafsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-171X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Gustafsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","Link\u00f6ping University,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079948896","display_name":"Magnus Jobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0083-1600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Jobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Uppsala, Sweden","Uppsala University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044980439","display_name":"Mathias Grud\u00e9n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias Grud\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Uppsala, Sweden","Uppsala University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.8399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":218,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99425287,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"10","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7672992944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.7648904323577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7596700191497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.584099531173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-responder","display_name":"First responder","score":0.574953019618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5582836866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.5524477362632751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.5050728917121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.4758717119693756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.4622471332550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44168710708618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.3515651822090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.268476665019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.25677210092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1967574656009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1257389485836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11727255582809448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7672992944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.7648904323577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7596700191497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.584099531173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776987312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19693316","display_name":"First responder","level":2,"score":0.574953019618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5582836866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.5524477362632751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.5050728917121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.4758717119693756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.4622471332550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44168710708618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.3515651822090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.268476665019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.25677210092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1967574656009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1257389485836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11727255582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2011.5751291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5751291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500219597","https://openalex.org/W1507005650","https://openalex.org/W1986158416","https://openalex.org/W2003679015","https://openalex.org/W2045111374","https://openalex.org/W2103393159","https://openalex.org/W2104479788","https://openalex.org/W2120593649","https://openalex.org/W2124647600","https://openalex.org/W2145353583","https://openalex.org/W2901136564","https://openalex.org/W3027057431","https://openalex.org/W6675456536","https://openalex.org/W6757053568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2755401669","https://openalex.org/W2552390423","https://openalex.org/W3204118479","https://openalex.org/W2903896792","https://openalex.org/W2899058086","https://openalex.org/W1926767291","https://openalex.org/W2144194782","https://openalex.org/W2306569468","https://openalex.org/W2583886250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"robust,":[1],"accurate":[2],"positioning":[3,57,163],"system":[4,69],"with":[5,61,138,165],"seamless":[6],"outdoor":[7],"and":[8,22,32,35,47,107,122,133,154,160],"indoor":[9,169],"coverage":[10],"is":[11,64,86,142],"a":[12,55,81,88,144,150],"highly":[13],"needed":[14],"tool":[15],"for":[16,54,80,90,156],"increasing":[17],"safety":[18],"in":[19,70,136],"emergency":[20],"response":[21],"military":[23],"urban":[24],"operations.":[25,42,110],"It":[26],"must":[27],"be":[28],"lightweight,":[29],"small,":[30],"inexpensive,":[31],"power":[33],"efficient,":[34],"still":[36,87],"provide":[37],"meter-level":[38,78],"accuracy":[39,97,158],"during":[40,101],"extended":[41],"GPS":[43,71],"receivers,":[44],"inertial":[45],"sensors,":[46,119],"local":[48],"radio-based":[49],"ranging":[50],"are":[51,114],"natural":[52],"choices":[53],"multisensor":[56],"system.":[58],"Inertial":[59],"navigation":[60],"foot-mounted":[62],"sensors":[63,93,113],"suitable":[65],"as":[66],"the":[67,96,102],"core":[68],"denied":[72],"environments,":[73],"since":[74],"it":[75],"can":[76],"yield":[77],"accuracies":[79],"few":[82],"minutes.":[83],"However,":[84],"there":[85],"need":[89],"additional":[91],"supporting":[92],"to":[94],"keep":[95],"at":[98],"acceptable":[99],"levels":[100],"duration":[103],"of":[104],"typical":[105],"soldier":[106,159],"first":[108,129,161],"responder":[109,162],"Suitable":[111],"aiding":[112],"three-axis":[115],"magnetometers,":[116],"barometers,":[117],"imaging":[118],"Doppler":[120],"radars,":[121],"ultrasonic":[123],"sensors.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"cooperative":[126],"positioning,":[127],"where":[128],"responders":[130],"exchange":[131],"position":[132],"error":[134],"estimates":[135],"conjunction":[137],"performing":[139],"radiobased":[140],"ranging,":[141],"deemed":[143],"key":[145],"technology.":[146],"This":[147],"article":[148],"provides":[149],"survey":[151],"on":[152,168],"technologies":[153],"concepts":[155],"high":[157],"systems,":[164],"an":[166],"emphasis":[167],"positioning.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}