{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128256293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2008.4492975","title":"Mobility using IEEE 802.21 in a heterogeneous IEEE 802.16/802.11-based, IMT-advanced (4G) network","display_name":"Mobility using IEEE 802.21 in a heterogeneous IEEE 802.16/802.11-based, IMT-advanced (4G) network","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128256293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2008.4492975","mag":"2128256293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2008.4492975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2008.4492975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078458679","display_name":"L. Eastwood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333370159","display_name":"Motorola (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hafxd32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Eastwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motorola, Schaumburg, IL, USA","Motorola, Algonquin#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola, Schaumburg, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola, Algonquin#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048359973","display_name":"S. Migaldi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333370159","display_name":"Motorola (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hafxd32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Migaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motorola, USA","Motorola, Algonquin#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola, Algonquin#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103559751","display_name":"Qiaobing Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaobing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTEL, USA","Intel USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042777373","display_name":"Vishal Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-3738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTEL, USA","Intel USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078458679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99633995,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"26","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7905691862106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11u","display_name":"IEEE 802.11u","score":0.7509752511978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11w-2009","display_name":"IEEE 802.11w-2009","score":0.7211832404136658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6851587295532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11b-1999","display_name":"IEEE 802.11b-1999","score":0.6636676788330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imt-advanced","display_name":"IMT Advanced","score":0.5867975950241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.1x","display_name":"IEEE 802.1X","score":0.5728222131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11g-2003","display_name":"IEEE 802.11g-2003","score":0.5536051988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.5455982685089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802","display_name":"IEEE 802","score":0.5450617671012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-access-point-protocol","display_name":"Inter-Access Point Protocol","score":0.5366567373275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11","display_name":"IEEE 802.11","score":0.5225400328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11e-2005","display_name":"IEEE 802.11e-2005","score":0.48994678258895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wimax","display_name":"WiMAX","score":0.4248407185077667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11r-2008","display_name":"IEEE 802.11r-2008","score":0.41251814365386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3760814368724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.35443001985549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3026800751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.29347527027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.27009105682373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-technology","display_name":"Mobile technology","score":0.24317753314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.1504870057106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-web","display_name":"Mobile Web","score":0.10068905353546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi-array","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","score":0.08915826678276062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7905691862106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566612","display_name":"IEEE 802.11u","level":5,"score":0.7509752511978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40261086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970277","display_name":"IEEE 802.11w-2009","level":5,"score":0.7211832404136658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6851587295532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52644739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747387","display_name":"IEEE 802.11b-1999","level":5,"score":0.6636676788330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68108699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556242","display_name":"IMT Advanced","level":5,"score":0.5867975950241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28722885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428844","display_name":"IEEE 802.1X","level":5,"score":0.5728222131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55787069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746589","display_name":"IEEE 802.11g-2003","level":5,"score":0.5536051988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.5455982685089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522090004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616245","display_name":"IEEE 802","level":3,"score":0.5450617671012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84035377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492197","display_name":"Inter-Access Point Protocol","level":5,"score":0.5366567373275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185298936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193228","display_name":"IEEE 802.11","level":4,"score":0.5225400328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168762940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185681","display_name":"IEEE 802.11e-2005","level":5,"score":0.48994678258895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113950482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133973","display_name":"WiMAX","level":3,"score":0.4248407185077667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155978914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634749","display_name":"IEEE 802.11r-2008","level":5,"score":0.41251814365386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3760814368724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.35443001985549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3026800751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.29347527027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.27009105682373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60952562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887246","display_name":"Mobile technology","level":3,"score":0.24317753314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.1504870057106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516764902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043805","display_name":"Mobile Web","level":4,"score":0.10068905353546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152153834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339878","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","level":4,"score":0.08915826678276062}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2008.4492975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2008.4492975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930737670","https://openalex.org/W1985303435","https://openalex.org/W2012064420","https://openalex.org/W2094745043","https://openalex.org/W2124844912","https://openalex.org/W2128993967","https://openalex.org/W2147328832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165961686","https://openalex.org/W2125635869","https://openalex.org/W2122701537","https://openalex.org/W1930896316","https://openalex.org/W2054185742","https://openalex.org/W1574363014","https://openalex.org/W2298846342","https://openalex.org/W2388856447","https://openalex.org/W4285481121","https://openalex.org/W2080618001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0],"is":[1,63,108],"defining":[2],"a":[3,22],"new":[4],"generation":[5],"of":[6,26,60],"mobile":[7],"wireless":[8],"technologies,":[9,30],"called":[10],"in":[11],"cellular":[12],"terminology":[13],"\"fourth":[14],"generation\"":[15],"or":[16,40],"\"4G.\"":[17],"This":[18,86],"article":[19,62],"shows":[20],"that":[21,99],"system":[23,107],"combining":[24],"extensions":[25,44],"two":[27,82,90],"radio":[28,83,91],"access":[29,84,92],"IEEE":[31,34,67,71],"802.11":[32],"and":[33,52],"802.16,":[35],"meets":[36],"the":[37,89,114],"ITU-R's":[38],"\"IMT-Advanced\"":[39],"4G":[41],"requirements.":[42],"The":[43,58],"are":[45],"802.16":[46,103],"m":[47,104],"(100":[48],"Mb/s,":[49],"250":[50],"km/h)":[51],"802.11VHT":[53,101],"(1":[54],"Gb/s,":[55],"low":[56],"velocity).":[57],"focus":[59],"this":[61],"to":[64,110,113],"show":[65],"how":[66],"802.21":[68,106],"(the":[69],"emerging":[70],"standard":[72],"for":[73,116],"media-independent":[74],"handover":[75],"services)":[76],"supports":[77],"\";seamless\";":[78],"mobility":[79,87],"between":[80],"these":[81],"technologies.":[85],"integrates":[88],"technologies":[93],"into":[94],"one":[95],"system.":[96],"We":[97],"conclude":[98],"an":[100],"+":[102,105],"likely":[109],"be":[111],"proposed":[112],"ITU-R":[115],"IMT-":[117],"Advanced":[118],"4G.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}