{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208120575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.101.2000518","title":"Disaster Relief Wireless Networks: Challenges and Solutions","display_name":"Disaster Relief Wireless Networks: Challenges and Solutions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208120575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.101.2000518","mag":"3208120575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.101.2000518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.101.2000518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605907","display_name":"Yuntao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuntao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066407180","display_name":"Zhou Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-3130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404886","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor,Canada","University of Windsor, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035819194","display_name":"Dongfeng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-3005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087317","display_name":"Cal Poly Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/001c8fh75","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongfeng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cal Poly,United States","Cal Poly, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cal Poly,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cal Poly, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100605907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.8473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9914551,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"148","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8420069217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6367176175117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-management","display_name":"Emergency management","score":0.5266603827476501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.465197890996933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4637831449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4512863755226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4427487254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4403437674045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37275582551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2056865394115448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8420069217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6367176175117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.5266603827476501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.465197890996933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4637831449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4512863755226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4427487254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4403437674045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37275582551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2056865394115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.101.2000518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.101.2000518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4846814415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20175,U1808207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1844512392","https://openalex.org/W2890103652","https://openalex.org/W2891582867","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2914289538","https://openalex.org/W2931293404","https://openalex.org/W2941351277","https://openalex.org/W2949760129","https://openalex.org/W2957382329","https://openalex.org/W2973766557","https://openalex.org/W3011995057","https://openalex.org/W3048295601","https://openalex.org/W3109604561","https://openalex.org/W3112897671","https://openalex.org/W6638711193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3022067003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"and":[1,33,50,71,100,114,120,218],"flexible":[2,34],"emergency":[3,48],"networks":[4,49,65],"are":[5,229],"of":[6,17,25,74,168,211],"paramount":[7],"essence":[8],"for":[9],"disaster":[10,53,63],"relief":[11,54,64],"during":[12],"or":[13,23],"after":[14],"the":[15,21,67,94,164,191,195,202,206],"event":[16],"disasters":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,30,45,93,117,135,151,172,184,190],"destruction":[22],"lack":[24],"terrestrial":[26],"communication":[27,98],"infrastructures.":[28],"Thanks":[29],"fast":[31],"deployment":[32],"mobilities,":[35],"unmanned":[36],"aerial":[37],"vehicles":[38,170,193],"(UAVs)":[39],"emerge":[40],"as":[41,173],"a":[42,128,142,177],"promising":[43],"paradigm":[44],"efficiently":[46],"establish":[47],"perform":[51],"immediate":[52],"tasks":[55],"in":[56,60,87,194,209,225],"affected":[57],"areas.":[58],"However,":[59],"such":[61],"UAV-assisted":[62],"(UDRNs),":[66],"limited":[68],"onboard":[69],"batteries":[70],"computational":[72],"capacities":[73],"UAVs":[75,91],"hinder":[76],"them":[77],"from":[78],"performing":[79],"computation-intensive":[80],"missions.":[81],"Moreover,":[82],"critical":[83],"security":[84],"vulnerabilities":[85],"arise":[86],"data":[88,122,137],"transmission":[89],"among":[90],"owing":[92],"untrusted":[95],"environment,":[96],"open":[97],"channels,":[99],"unreliable":[101],"misbehavior":[102],"tracing.":[103],"To":[104],"this":[105,107,226],"end,":[106],"article":[108],"investigates":[109],"UDRNs":[110],"based":[111],"on":[112],"blockchain":[113],"machine":[115],"learning":[116],"achieve":[118],"secure":[119],"efficient":[121],"transmission.":[123],"Specifically,":[124],"we":[125],"first":[126],"present":[127],"lightweight":[129],"blockchain-enabled":[130],"collaborative":[131],"aerial-ground":[132],"networking":[133],"framework":[134,204],"safeguard":[136],"delivery":[138],"under":[139],"disasters,":[140],"where":[141],"credit-based":[143],"delegated":[144],"proof-of-stake":[145],"consensus":[146,153,212],"protocol":[147],"is":[148,182],"further":[149],"devised":[150],"enhance":[152],"efficiency":[154],"while":[155],"promoting":[156],"UAVs'":[157,187],"honest":[158],"behaviors.":[159],"In":[160],"addition,":[161],"by":[162],"harnessing":[163],"idle":[165],"computing":[166],"power":[167],"ground":[169],"(referred":[171],"vehicular":[174],"fog":[175],"computing),":[176],"novel":[178],"reinforcement":[179],"learning-based":[180],"algorithm":[181],"developed":[183],"intelligently":[185],"offload":[186],"computation":[188],"missions":[189],"moving":[192],"dynamic":[196],"environment.":[197],"Experimental":[198],"results":[199],"demonstrate":[200],"that":[201],"proposed":[203],"outperforms":[205],"existing":[207],"approaches,":[208],"terms":[210],"security,":[213],"user":[214],"utility,":[215],"task":[216],"latency,":[217],"energy":[219],"consumption.":[220],"Finally,":[221],"future":[222],"research":[223],"directions":[224],"emerging":[227],"area":[228],"discussed.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}