{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384158396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.019.2200518","title":"Visual E<sup>2</sup>C: AI-Driven Visual End-Edge-Cloud Architecture for 6G in Low-Carbon Smart Cities","display_name":"Visual E<sup>2</sup>C: AI-Driven Visual End-Edge-Cloud Architecture for 6G in Low-Carbon Smart Cities","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384158396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.019.2200518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.019.2200518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.019.2200518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102902954","display_name":"Zheming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-5792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102588014","display_name":"Dieli Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2750-7759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieli Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734062","display_name":"Qi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0774-763X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030340325","display_name":"Lulu Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3975-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042941682","display_name":"Wen Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-3404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102902954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94255354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"204","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7332301139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6864266991615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5100777745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.491840124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.44951701164245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44323962926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3950113356113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24920183420181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10655185580253601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7332301139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6864266991615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5100777745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.491840124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.44951701164245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44323962926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3950113356113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24920183420181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10655185580253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.019.2200518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.019.2200518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1546313086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2462569407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L221004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317915960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFE0125400,2022YFF0902403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080010503","https://openalex.org/W2123363172","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2343556076","https://openalex.org/W2888704015","https://openalex.org/W2891691179","https://openalex.org/W3023961171","https://openalex.org/W3130656722","https://openalex.org/W3206457735","https://openalex.org/W4206432373","https://openalex.org/W4221003299","https://openalex.org/W4226314932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W2802581102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,28,48,52,78,82,110,129],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,11,54,84,112],"6G":[5,55,121],"wireless":[6],"communication":[7,33],"technology,":[8],"emergence":[10],"rich":[12],"multimedia":[13],"data":[14],"for":[15,57,99,120],"massive":[16],"devices":[17],"will":[18],"lead":[19],"to":[20,148],"greater":[21],"intensive":[22],"computations":[23],"and":[24,34,87,95],"energy":[25],"consumption.":[26],"However,":[27],"requirements":[29],"from":[30,51,81],"both":[31],"green":[32],"international":[35],"low-carbon":[36,58],"strategy":[37],"can":[38,108],"be":[39],"challenging.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"article,":[43],"we":[44,63],"first":[45],"systematically":[46],"analyze":[47],"key":[49],"challenges":[50],"perspective":[53,83],"networks":[56,122],"smart":[59,141],"city":[60],"development.":[61],"Then":[62],"propose":[64],"an":[65],"AI-driven":[66],"visual":[67,103],"end-edge-cloud":[68,104],"architecture":[69,107,136],"(E":[70],"<sup":[71,114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72,115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[73,116],"C),":[74],"which":[75],"extends":[76],"upon":[77],"conventional":[79],"design":[80],"human-machine":[85],"fusion":[86],"carbon":[88,100,145],"emission":[89,101],"optimization.":[90],"We":[91],"provide":[92],"systematical":[93],"analysis":[94],"intelligent":[96],"computing":[97],"methods":[98],"in":[102,140],"architecture.":[105],"This":[106],"enable":[109],"provision":[111],"E":[113],"C":[117],"AI":[118],"intelligence":[119],"through":[123],"hybrid":[124],"hierarchical":[125],"optimization":[126],"mechanisms.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"experimental":[130],"results":[131],"demonstrate":[132],"that":[133],"our":[134],"proposed":[135],"has":[137],"better":[138],"performance":[139],"cities,":[142],"achieving":[143],"lower":[144],"emissions":[146],"compared":[147],"traditional":[149],"methods.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}