{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410491912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.013.2400238","title":"Movable Antenna-Enhanced Wireless Communications: General Architectures and Implementation Methods","display_name":"Movable Antenna-Enhanced Wireless Communications: General Architectures and Implementation Methods","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410491912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.013.2400238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.013.2400238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.013.2400238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085018775","display_name":"Boyu Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-373X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104097101","display_name":"Songjie Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000442830","display_name":"Ya Fei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-1734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056953631","display_name":"Peilan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013751269","display_name":"Weidong Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-4283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":215.4981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99997198,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"108","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8334158658981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5940796732902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.463761568069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43679049611091614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8334158658981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5940796732902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.463761568069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43679049611091614}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.013.2400238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.013.2400238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2858307354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB2907900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3469956204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZNSFSC1431,2025ZNSFSC0514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6378686185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M750357,GZB20240121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6399953698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-04222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6975707325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8186112941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FCP-NTU-RG-2024-025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325256","funder_display_name":"Info-communications Media Development Authority"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325256","display_name":"Info-communications Media Development Authority","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097482550","https://openalex.org/W2763995819","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3135894493","https://openalex.org/W4288058350","https://openalex.org/W4288067686","https://openalex.org/W4312102530","https://openalex.org/W4382203224","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4389610136","https://openalex.org/W4392405440","https://openalex.org/W4393184779","https://openalex.org/W4395097211","https://openalex.org/W4404307132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Movable":[0],"antennas":[1],"(MAs),":[2],"traditionally":[3],"explored":[4],"in":[5,13,28,60],"antenna":[6,24,97],"design,":[7],"have":[8],"recently":[9],"garnered":[10],"significant":[11],"attention":[12],"wireless":[14,46],"communications":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,20,26,78,80,102,128],"their":[18,53],"ability":[19],"dynamically":[21],"adjust":[22],"the":[23,29,40,111],"positions":[25],"changes":[27],"propagation":[30],"environment.":[31],"However,":[32],"previous":[33],"research":[34],"has":[35],"primarily":[36],"focused":[37],"on":[38,52],"characterizing":[39],"performance":[41],"limits":[42],"of":[43,106],"various":[44],"MA-assisted":[45],"communication":[47],"systems":[48],"with":[49],"less":[50],"emphasis":[51],"practical":[54],"implementation.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"this":[58,61],"gap,":[59],"article,":[62],"we":[63,91],"propose":[64],"several":[65,75],"general":[66],"MA":[67,113],"architectures":[68],"that":[69],"extend":[70],"existing":[71],"designs":[72],"by":[73],"varying":[74],"key":[76],"aspects":[77],"cater":[79],"different":[81],"application":[82],"scenarios":[83],"and":[84,88,99],"tradeoffs":[85],"between":[86],"cost":[87],"performance.":[89],"Additionally,":[90],"draw":[92],"from":[93],"fields":[94],"such":[95],"as":[96],"design":[98],"mechanical":[100,118],"control":[101],"provide":[103],"an":[104],"overview":[105],"candidate":[107],"implementation":[108],"methods":[109],"for":[110],"proposed":[112],"architectures,":[114],"utilizing":[115],"either":[116],"direct":[117],"or":[119],"equivalent":[120],"electronic":[121],"control.":[122],"Simulation":[123],"results":[124],"are":[125],"finally":[126],"presented":[127],"support":[129],"our":[130],"discussion.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}