{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285209098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.012.2100639","title":"Secure Beamforming for IRS-Enhanced NOMA Networks","display_name":"Secure Beamforming for IRS-Enhanced NOMA Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285209098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.012.2100639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.012.2100639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.012.2100639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10153220/1/IRS_NOMA.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086073074","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4218-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,P. R. China","Dalian University of Technology, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651883","display_name":"Yang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4744-7008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,P. R. China","Dalian University of Technology, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029337392","display_name":"Min Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University,China","Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089631680","display_name":"Jie Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-0338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,China","South China University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,P. R. China","Dalian University of Technology, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,United Kingdom","University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4132,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80049844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"134","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11328","display_name":"Ocular Oncology and Treatments","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.9262784719467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8320033550262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8024963140487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7908633351325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5629457831382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.49718645215034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4903910160064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.46491581201553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.41380423307418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3413620591163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.12161341309547424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.9262784719467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8320033550262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8024963140487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7908633351325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5629457831382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.49718645215034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4903910160064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.46491581201553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.41380423307418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3413620591163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.12161341309547424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.012.2100639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.012.2100639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10153220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10153220/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10153220/1/IRS_NOMA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications (2022) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10153220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10153220/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10153220/1/IRS_NOMA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications (2022) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G155850529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1807002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285209098.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285209098.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277419020","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3022803879","https://openalex.org/W3026072117","https://openalex.org/W3037684076","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3095415448","https://openalex.org/W3108070921","https://openalex.org/W3111080731","https://openalex.org/W3126789634","https://openalex.org/W3159178565","https://openalex.org/W3193591298","https://openalex.org/W3216753461","https://openalex.org/W3217524003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W2293822216","https://openalex.org/W4318262205","https://openalex.org/W3007170335","https://openalex.org/W2963158738","https://openalex.org/W3114372513","https://openalex.org/W4299712621","https://openalex.org/W4381744901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Owing":[0],"to":[1,66,106,144],"the":[2,23,29,53,58,69,96,125,146],"increasing":[3],"demand":[4],"of":[5,43,71,82,150],"higher":[6],"spectrum":[7],"efficiency":[8],"and":[9,34,56,84,90,99,129,135,148,156],"large-scale":[10],"connectivity,":[11],"non-orthogonal":[12],"multiple":[13],"access":[14],"(NOMA)":[15],"has":[16],"become":[17,39],"a":[18,62],"highly":[19,63],"competitive":[20],"candidate":[21],"for":[22],"upcoming":[24],"sixth-generation":[25],"(6G)":[26],"systems.":[27],"Nevertheless,":[28],"instable":[30],"wireless":[31,36],"propagation":[32],"environment":[33],"potential":[35],"security":[37,91,112],"risk":[38],"bottlenecks":[40],"in":[41,74,114],"applications":[42],"NOMA.":[44,72],"Fortunately,":[45],"intelligent":[46],"reflecting":[47,131],"surface":[48],"(IRS)":[49],"that":[50],"can":[51],"construct":[52],"three-dimensional":[54],"beamforming":[55,128,132],"reconfigure":[57],"channels":[59],"emerges":[60],"as":[61],"efficient":[64],"technology":[65,98],"break":[67],"through":[68],"limitations":[70],"Thus,":[73],"this":[75],"article,":[76],"we":[77,94],"first":[78],"present":[79],"an":[80],"overview":[81],"NOMA,":[83],"particularly":[85],"illustrate":[86],"its":[87],"main":[88],"shortcomings":[89],"risks.":[92],"Then,":[93],"introduce":[95],"IRS":[97,105,130],"provide":[100],"further":[101],"enhancement":[102],"by":[103,120],"applying":[104],"NOMA":[107],"networks.":[108],"In":[109],"addition,":[110],"typical":[111],"threats":[113],"IRS-NOMA":[115],"networks":[116],"are":[117,141,159],"shown,":[118],"followed":[119],"two":[121,152],"countermeasures":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124],"joint":[126],"transmit":[127],"toward":[133],"external":[134],"internal":[136],"eavesdropping,":[137],"respectively.":[138],"Simulation":[139],"results":[140],"carried":[142],"out":[143],"demonstrate":[145],"feasibility":[147],"effectiveness":[149],"these":[151],"schemes.":[153],"Several":[154],"challenges":[155],"future":[157],"directions":[158],"also":[160],"discussed.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}