{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312458537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.011.2200198","title":"Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated 6G: An Ultra-Dense LEO Networking Management Architecture","display_name":"Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated 6G: An Ultra-Dense LEO Networking Management Architecture","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312458537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.011.2200198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.011.2200198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.011.2200198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114778195","display_name":"Ting Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7132-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,China","Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071419774","display_name":"Bo Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-220X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory,China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080548018","display_name":"Xiaohan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,China","Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455506","display_name":"Xiaoyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,China","Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043286765","display_name":"Haibo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-8917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,China","Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765829","display_name":"Lian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toronto Metropolitan University,Toronto,Canada","Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toronto Metropolitan University,Toronto,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.0696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99770614,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"62","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.796746015548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6167025566101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5268986225128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4689328968524933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4278743267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40023165941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.10923364758491516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796746015548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6167025566101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5268986225128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4689328968524933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4278743267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40023165941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.10923364758491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.011.2200198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.011.2200198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002974278","https://openalex.org/W2030053677","https://openalex.org/W2075691307","https://openalex.org/W2138373544","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2892656107","https://openalex.org/W2940954889","https://openalex.org/W2962682893","https://openalex.org/W3005971024","https://openalex.org/W3081933036","https://openalex.org/W3137282331","https://openalex.org/W3158839158","https://openalex.org/W3164645664","https://openalex.org/W3169817290","https://openalex.org/W4297070368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W1836774208","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2373343648","https://openalex.org/W64102529","https://openalex.org/W2350659615","https://openalex.org/W4241763859","https://openalex.org/W4237560142","https://openalex.org/W4231450272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,106],"the":[1,10,31,39,87,102,107,119,131,147,165,186,203,208],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,47,109,191,207],"low":[5,73],"earth":[6,70,74],"orbit":[7,71,75],"(LEO)":[8,76],"satellites,":[9],"ultra-dense":[11,48,88,166],"LEO":[12,49,89,167,180,193,213],"satellite-terrestrial":[13,132],"integrated":[14,82,133],"networking":[15,214],"has":[16],"become":[17],"a":[18,68,156],"promising":[19],"paradigm":[20],"to":[21,55,100,201],"provide":[22],"wide":[23],"coverage,":[24],"high":[25,42,143],"capacity":[26],"and":[27,44,58,77,95,127,139,158,161,176,188,205],"flexible":[28],"services":[29],"for":[30,86,164],"sixth":[32],"generation":[33],"(6G)":[34],"mobile":[35],"communication":[36],"networks.":[37],"However,":[38],"natural":[40],"heterogeneity,":[41],"dynamics,":[43],"large":[45],"scale":[46],"satellite":[50,78,90,168,175,194],"networks":[51],"pose":[52],"new":[53],"challenges":[54],"network":[56,103,120,150],"control":[57],"management.":[59],"To":[60,135],"this":[61,64,110],"end,":[62],"in":[63,130,146],"article,":[65],"we":[66,115,153],"propose":[67,155],"medium":[69],"(MEO),":[72],"Earth":[79],"stations":[80],"(SESs)":[81],"multi-layered":[83,112,149,211],"management":[84,104,113,129,144,151,215],"architecture":[85],"network,":[91,169],"where":[92,170],"global":[93,138,187],"controllers":[94,97,141,190],"local":[96,140,189],"are":[98,182,198],"introduced":[99],"reduce":[101],"complexity.":[105],"aid":[108],"hybrid":[111,148,210],"framework,":[114],"can":[116],"efficiently":[117],"implement":[118],"status":[121],"control,":[122],"mobility":[123],"management,":[124,126],"resource":[125],"service":[128],"network.":[134],"obtain":[136],"proper":[137],"with":[142],"efficiency":[145],"architecture,":[152],"further":[154],"novel":[157],"efficient":[159],"grouping":[160],"clustering":[162],"method":[163],"each":[171,192],"group":[172],"manager":[173],"MEO":[174],"cluster":[177],"head":[178],"(CH)":[179],"satellites":[181],"respectively":[183],"considered":[184],"as":[185],"group.":[195],"Numerical":[196],"simulations":[197],"carried":[199],"out":[200],"evaluate":[202],"superiority":[204],"effectiveness":[206],"proposed":[209],"ultradense":[212],"architecture.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}