{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388873112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.010.2300038","title":"Harnessing Web3 on Carbon Offset Market for Sustainability: Framework and A Case Study","display_name":"Harnessing Web3 on Carbon Offset Market for Sustainability: Framework and A Case Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388873112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.010.2300038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.010.2300038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.010.2300038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103105294","display_name":"Chenyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,China","The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022661905","display_name":"Hongzhou Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-3202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099567","display_name":"Insight (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/010t34638","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099567"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["AE","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhou Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,China","Insight and Research Guild, SeeDAO; Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight and Research Guild, SeeDAO; Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099567","https://openalex.org/I4210113480","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048473514","display_name":"Shiman Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099567","display_name":"Insight (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/010t34638","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiman Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SeeDAO,Insight and Research Guild","Insight and Research Guild, SeeDAO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SeeDAO,Insight and Research Guild","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight and Research Guild, SeeDAO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054279552","display_name":"Xinyao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-4462"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Matrix Labs Inc.,Canada","Matrix Labs Inc., Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Matrix Labs Inc.,Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Matrix Labs Inc., Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109797436","display_name":"Abdulmotaleb El Saddik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmotaleb El Saddik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Multi-media Communication Research Laboratory (MCRLab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Multi-media Communication Research Laboratory (MCRLab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053432286","display_name":"Wei Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,China","Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96164259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"104","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.8158684372901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-offset","display_name":"Carbon offset","score":0.7467851638793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5488631129264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5365099906921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.5084332823753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.43012210726737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.38078662753105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2580837607383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.2564275860786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25424107909202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2211792767047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11943319439888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.8158684372901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83227832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1488967","display_name":"Carbon offset","level":3,"score":0.7467851638793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5488631129264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5365099906921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5084332823753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43012210726737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.38078662753105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2580837607383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.2564275860786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25424107909202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2211792767047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11943319439888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.010.2300038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.010.2300038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1918254932","https://openalex.org/W2807966864","https://openalex.org/W2891724828","https://openalex.org/W2984055793","https://openalex.org/W3034466197","https://openalex.org/W3170990610","https://openalex.org/W3196026169","https://openalex.org/W3216767138","https://openalex.org/W4225098395","https://openalex.org/W4288073028","https://openalex.org/W4310055702","https://openalex.org/W4313214798","https://openalex.org/W4327670850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W2999162290","https://openalex.org/W4283729194","https://openalex.org/W2079059230","https://openalex.org/W2075639897","https://openalex.org/W4391791316","https://openalex.org/W2539983712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain,":[0],"pivotal":[1],"in":[2,37],"shaping":[3],"the":[4,78,86,95,102,126],"metaverse":[5],"and":[6,15,49,55,94],"Web3,":[7],"often":[8],"draws":[9],"criticism":[10],"for":[11],"high":[12],"energy":[13],"consumption":[14],"carbon":[16,62,80,92,105,117],"emission.":[17],"The":[18],"rise":[19],"of":[20,85,90,97,104],"sustainability-focused":[21],"blockchains,":[22],"especially":[23],"when":[24],"intersecting":[25],"with":[26,116],"innovative":[27],"wireless":[28],"technologies,":[29],"revises":[30],"this":[31],"predicament.":[32],"To":[33],"understand":[34],"blockchain's":[35,110],"role":[36,96],"sustainability,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"a":[41,59,122],"three-layers":[42],"structure":[43],"encapsulating":[44],"four":[45],"green":[46],"utilities:":[47],"recording":[48],"tracking,":[50],"wide":[51],"verification,":[52],"value":[53,88],"trading,":[54],"concept":[56,103],"disseminating.":[57],"Nori,":[58],"decentralized":[60],"voluntary":[61],"offset":[63],"project,":[64],"serves":[65],"as":[66,121],"our":[67],"case,":[68],"illuminating":[69],"these":[70],"utilities.":[71],"Our":[72],"research":[73],"unveils":[74],"unique":[75],"insights":[76],"into":[77],"on-chain":[79],"market":[81],"participants,":[82],"affect":[83],"factors":[84],"market,":[87],"propositions":[89],"NFT-based":[91],"credits,":[93],"social":[98],"media":[99],"to":[100,112],"spread":[101],"offset.":[106],"We":[107],"argue":[108],"that":[109],"contribution":[111],"sustainability":[113],"is":[114],"significant,":[115],"offsetting":[118],"potentially":[119],"evolving":[120],"new":[123],"standard":[124],"within":[125],"blockchain":[127],"sector.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}