{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323519590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.008.2200124","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Enhanced UAV Communications: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Enhanced UAV Communications: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323519590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.008.2200124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.008.2200124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.008.2200124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102333853","display_name":"Yimeng Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimeng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079422735","display_name":"Jiancun Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancun Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039289964","display_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,UK","Imperial College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661626","display_name":"Li\u2010Chun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Chun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiao Tung University,Taiwan","National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92046367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"119","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9517999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8487488031387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8400201201438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6627706289291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.639473557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5893884301185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5751059055328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5571815967559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.49389106035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45272329449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41809725761413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3723902106285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.26654499769210815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8487488031387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8400201201438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6627706289291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.639473557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5893884301185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5751059055328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5571815967559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.49389106035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45272329449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41809725761413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3723902106285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.26654499769210815}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.008.2200124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.008.2200124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3004787089","https://openalex.org/W3089445936","https://openalex.org/W3093728622","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3152632745","https://openalex.org/W3157217691","https://openalex.org/W3167450743","https://openalex.org/W3190364832","https://openalex.org/W3197488186","https://openalex.org/W4206296593","https://openalex.org/W4210540330","https://openalex.org/W4226068488","https://openalex.org/W4285117372","https://openalex.org/W6810702255","https://openalex.org/W6840016796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W2287071596","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2623668551","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W2167167456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,102,156,187],"cost-effective":[2],"aerial":[3,6],"platform,":[4],"unmanned":[5],"vehicles":[7],"(UAVs)":[8],"can":[9,134],"provide":[10],"reliable":[11],"air-to-ground":[12],"(A2G)":[13],"line-of-sight":[14],"(LOS)":[15],"transmission":[16,113],"and":[17,69,84,90,115,158,183],"controllable":[18],"maneuverability.":[19],"However,":[20],"the":[21,48,66,78,87,91,112,116,125,140,145,151,162,175],"LOS":[22],"links":[23],"may":[24],"deteriorate":[25],"severely":[26],"in":[27,34],"some":[28],"complex":[29],"propagation":[30],"environments,":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"urban":[35],"areas.":[36],"In":[37,72,124,144],"addition,":[38],"UAV":[39,82,95,167],"communications":[40,83,96],"often":[41],"suffer":[42],"from":[43],"serious":[44],"interference":[45],"caused":[46,165],"by":[47,166,180],"A2G":[49],"channel.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"these":[53],"challenges,":[54],"intelligent":[55],"reflecting":[56,119],"surface":[57],"(IRS)":[58],"has":[59],"been":[60],"recently":[61],"proposed":[62],"to":[63,173,191],"compensate":[64],"for":[65,194],"path":[67],"loss":[68],"reduce":[70],"interference.":[71],"this":[73],"article,":[74],"after":[75],"briefly":[76],"introducing":[77],"comprehensive":[79],"background":[80],"of":[81,93,130],"IRS-based":[85],"beamforming,":[86,160],"main":[88],"advantages":[89],"potential":[92],"IRS-assisted":[94],"are":[97,109,121,171],"discussed.":[98,198],"Finally,":[99,186],"based":[100,149],"on":[101,150],"novel":[103],"active":[104,117,184],"IRS,":[105],"two":[106],"case":[107,147],"studies":[108],"investigated":[110],"where":[111],"beamforming":[114],"IRS's":[118],"coefficient":[120],"jointly":[122],"optimized.":[123],"first":[126,152],"case,":[127],"transmit":[128],"power":[129],"UAV-borne":[131],"base":[132],"stations":[133],"be":[135,192],"greatly":[136],"reduced":[137],"while":[138],"ensuring":[139],"achievable":[141],"secure":[142,159],"rate.":[143],"second":[146],"-":[148,153],"we":[154],"presented":[155],"robust":[157],"considering":[161],"channel":[163],"error":[164],"jittering.":[168],"Simulation":[169],"results":[170],"provided":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"better":[176],"performance":[177],"enhancement":[178],"brought":[179],"combining":[181],"UAVs":[182],"IRSs.":[185],"few":[188],"challenging":[189],"issues":[190],"resolved":[193],"practical":[195],"implementations":[196],"were":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
