{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388873109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.006.2300118","title":"Free Space Optical Communication Systems FOR 6G: A Modular Transceiver Design","display_name":"Free Space Optical Communication Systems FOR 6G: A Modular Transceiver Design","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388873109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.006.2300118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.006.2300118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.006.2300118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001930951","display_name":"Abdelmoula Bekkali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21620634","display_name":"Toyo Engineering (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjr0894","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelmoula Bekkali","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026249945","display_name":"Michikazu Hattori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21620634","display_name":"Toyo Engineering (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjr0894","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michikazu Hattori","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113207121","display_name":"Yuichiro Hara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21620634","display_name":"Toyo Engineering (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjr0894","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuichiro Hara","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109716029","display_name":"Yukihiko Suga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21620634","display_name":"Toyo Engineering (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjr0894","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukihiko Suga","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOYO Electric Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001930951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91252333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"50","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.811211884021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.808751106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7654581069946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6363420486450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.592470645904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5407658815383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.5187106728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.46765512228012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4553326964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.428540974855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3801825940608978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.2980005741119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.28965771198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24673870205879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08466079831123352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.811211884021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.808751106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7654581069946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6363420486450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.592470645904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5407658815383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.5187106728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.46765512228012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4553326964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.428540974855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3801825940608978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.2980005741119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.28965771198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24673870205879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08466079831123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.006.2300118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.006.2300118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993712456","https://openalex.org/W2790962380","https://openalex.org/W2955125563","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3092027903","https://openalex.org/W3189858494","https://openalex.org/W3211679116","https://openalex.org/W4210597634","https://openalex.org/W4214940813","https://openalex.org/W4229366572","https://openalex.org/W4295308164","https://openalex.org/W6847399574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057370456","https://openalex.org/W3177695762","https://openalex.org/W2525259641","https://openalex.org/W2059052038","https://openalex.org/W2904463789","https://openalex.org/W4388656576","https://openalex.org/W4311198079","https://openalex.org/W3043081555","https://openalex.org/W1980317310","https://openalex.org/W4386214712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free":[0],"space":[1],"optical":[2],"communication":[3],"(FSO)":[4],"systems":[5,58],"have":[6],"recently":[7],"regained":[8],"great":[9],"interest":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,69,75],"potential":[13,157],"wireless":[14],"interconnecting":[15],"solution":[16],"for":[17,74,142],"6G":[18,64,166],"era,":[19],"thanks":[20],"to":[21,24,114],"their":[22],"ability":[23],"meet":[25,115],"the":[26,51,61,88,112,116,123,126,152],"main":[27,52],"requirements":[28],"of":[29,41,86,108,118,125],"high":[30,39],"capacity,":[31],"low":[32],"latency,":[33],"energy":[34],"efficiency,":[35],"dense":[36],"connectivity,":[37],"and":[38,54,78,100,137,144],"level":[40],"security":[42],"against":[43],"interception.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"article,":[47],"we":[48,67],"first":[49],"review":[50],"challenges":[53],"opportunities":[55],"that":[56,151],"FSO":[57,71,80,89,135,160],"present":[59],"toward":[60,162],"deployment":[62],"within":[63,103],"networks.":[65],"Furthermore,":[66],"propose":[68],"modular":[70,134],"transceiver":[72,90,136],"concept":[73,154],"reliable,":[76],"cost-effective,":[77],"high-capacity":[79],"system.":[81],"The":[82,147],"design":[83],"principle":[84],"consists":[85],"subdividing":[87],"into":[91],"modules,":[92],"which":[93],"can":[94],"be":[95],"independently":[96],"developed,":[97],"replaced,":[98],"upgraded,":[99],"easily":[101],"integrated":[102],"other":[104],"systems.":[105],"Successful":[106],"integration":[107],"each":[109],"module":[110],"facilitates":[111],"customization":[113],"specifications":[117],"different":[119],"applications":[120],"while":[121],"considering":[122],"preferences":[124],"customers.":[127],"We":[128],"also":[129],"introduce":[130],"our":[131],"newly":[132],"developed":[133],"discuss":[138],"its":[139,163],"long-term":[140],"performance":[141],"fixed":[143],"mobile":[145],"platforms.":[146],"obtained":[148],"results":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"proposed":[153],"has":[155],"significant":[156],"in":[158,165],"advancing":[159],"technology":[161],"adoption":[164],"era.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}