{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386737033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.005.2200622","title":"Secure Semantic Communication Model for Black-Box Attack Challenge Under Metaverse","display_name":"Secure Semantic Communication Model for Black-Box Attack Challenge Under Metaverse","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386737033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.005.2200622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.005.2200622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.005.2200622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429545","display_name":"Chang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1988-8313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101632915","display_name":"Liang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-7803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892149","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5909-5935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015206310","display_name":"Xiaqing Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-6578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaqing Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047862167","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100429545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84863653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"56","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8358851671218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.6406838893890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.5387104749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37407186627388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33525604009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32162582874298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.21922308206558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1938556730747223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8358851671218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.6406838893890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5387104749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37407186627388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33525604009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32162582874298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.21922308206558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1938556730747223}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.005.2200622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.005.2200622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4771001808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M720447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7504620983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101050,62201060,62001022,62201045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021328480","https://openalex.org/W2133249991","https://openalex.org/W2586726222","https://openalex.org/W2962818281","https://openalex.org/W3134818623","https://openalex.org/W4205683915","https://openalex.org/W4225009676","https://openalex.org/W4226278401","https://openalex.org/W4281702799","https://openalex.org/W4294294715","https://openalex.org/W4312251262","https://openalex.org/W4390204075","https://openalex.org/W6810738896","https://openalex.org/W6843005194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2166821106","https://openalex.org/W4376853950","https://openalex.org/W4312864667","https://openalex.org/W4237056396","https://openalex.org/W4366210097","https://openalex.org/W4366734514","https://openalex.org/W4388442643","https://openalex.org/W4362644763","https://openalex.org/W4316660760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,152],"Metaverse":[1,40],"is":[2,19],"the":[3,39,46,60,63,70,75,80,88,92,109],"post-reality":[4],"universe,":[5],"a":[6,20,31,52],"perpetual":[7],"and":[8,26,114,121,146],"persistent":[9],"multiuser":[10],"environment":[11],"merging":[12],"physical":[13],"reality":[14],"with":[15,149],"digital":[16],"virtuality.":[17],"It":[18,77],"new":[21,34,53],"type":[22],"of":[23,33,38,69,74,83,95,102,111,118,154],"Internet":[24],"application":[25],"social":[27],"form":[28],"that":[29],"integrates":[30],"variety":[32],"technologies.":[35],"realization":[37],"has":[41],"extremely":[42],"high":[43],"demands":[44],"on":[45,140],"communication":[47,54,107,137,156],"traffic":[48],"density,":[49],"which":[50],"needs":[51],"technology.":[55],"Semantic":[56],"communication,":[57],"regarded":[58],"as":[59],"breakthrough":[61],"beyond":[62],"Shannon":[64],"paradigm,":[65],"will":[66],"be":[67,158],"one":[68],"key":[71],"research":[72],"fields":[73],"Metaverse.":[76],"aims":[78],"at":[79],"successful":[81],"transmission":[82],"semantic":[84,106,134,141,143,155],"information":[85,119],"conveyed":[86],"by":[87],"source":[89],"rather":[90],"than":[91],"accurate":[93],"reception":[94],"every":[96],"single":[97],"symbol":[98],"or":[99],"bit":[100],"regardless":[101],"its":[103],"meaning.":[104],"However,":[105],"faces":[108],"challenge":[110],"black-box":[112,124],"attacks":[113],"poses":[115],"security":[116,153],"risks":[117],"leakage":[120],"tampering.":[122],"For":[123],"attacks,":[125],"this":[126],"article":[127],"points":[128],"out":[129],"three":[130],"approaches":[131],"to":[132],"secure":[133,136],"communication:":[135],"model":[138],"based":[139],"block,":[142],"variable":[144],"coding,":[145],"hybrid":[147],"channel":[148],"hidden":[150],"task.":[151],"can":[157],"improved":[159],"through":[160],"these":[161],"methods.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
