{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291805263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.004.2100616","title":"Scalable On-Chain and Off-Chain Blockchain for Sharing Economy in Large-Scale Wireless Networks","display_name":"Scalable On-Chain and Off-Chain Blockchain for Sharing Economy in Large-Scale Wireless Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291805263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.004.2100616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.004.2100616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.004.2100616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062162392","display_name":"Ting Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-333X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-Sen University,China","Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066482792","display_name":"Wuhui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuhui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-Sen University,China","Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070369356","display_name":"Kostas E. Psannis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostas E. Psannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macedonia,Greece","University of Macedonia, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macedonia,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macedonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031068531","display_name":"Sotirios K. Goudos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5981-5683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotirios K. Goudos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece","Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101438239","display_name":"Yang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-Sen University,China","Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000582109","display_name":"Zibin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-Sen University,China","Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003203521","display_name":"Shaohua Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062162392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97939772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"32","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9019153118133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8359165787696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8323862552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5588880181312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5296627879142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48425981402397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4324912428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3403323292732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2896459400653839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10645410418510437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9019153118133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8359165787696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8323862552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5588880181312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5296627879142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48425981402397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4324912428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3403323292732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2896459400653839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10645410418510437}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.004.2100616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.004.2100616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2277602480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172453,62032025,62172438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123859960","https://openalex.org/W2966038277","https://openalex.org/W2971282859","https://openalex.org/W2982212956","https://openalex.org/W3012828616","https://openalex.org/W3017598094","https://openalex.org/W3021521674","https://openalex.org/W3040779716","https://openalex.org/W3046952735","https://openalex.org/W3094250308","https://openalex.org/W3138178591","https://openalex.org/W3162819349","https://openalex.org/W6678492825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W4220849471","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W4401075441","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W2155470929","https://openalex.org/W2111125783","https://openalex.org/W2394465510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,98,117],"the":[1,29,87,99,115,118,153],"future":[2],"sharing":[3,19,55,85,130,144],"economy,":[4],"billions":[5],"of":[6,89,112,141,155],"underutilized":[7],"IoT":[8,35],"devices":[9,36],"will":[10],"be":[11],"deployed":[12],"to":[13,50,74,106,127,151],"enable":[14,107],"a":[15,45,58,76,92,137],"powerful":[16],"and":[17,25,53,81,109],"large-scale":[18,65],"market":[20],"that":[21,31],"produces":[22],"economic,":[23],"environmental,":[24],"social":[26],"benefits.":[27],"Given":[28],"fact":[30],"communications":[32],"in":[33,57,64],"numerous":[34],"through":[37],"wireless":[38,66],"links":[39],"are":[40,124],"unreliable,":[41],"blockchain":[42,63,96],"technology,":[43],"as":[44],"promising":[46],"solution,":[47],"has":[48],"emerged":[49],"achieve":[51],"reliable":[52],"secure":[54,108],"services":[56],"decentralized":[59],"manner.":[60],"However,":[61],"applying":[62],"networks":[67],"confronts":[68],"scalability":[69],"challenges.":[70],"This":[71],"motivates":[72],"us":[73],"propose":[75],"real-time,":[77],"trusted":[78],"data":[79,145],"interactive,":[80],"fine-grained":[82],"transaction":[83],"supportable":[84],"framework,":[86],"core":[88],"which":[90],"is":[91,104,146],"novel":[93],"two-layer":[94],"scaling":[95],"design.":[97],"on-chain":[100],"layer,":[101,120],"sharing-oriented":[102],"sharding":[103],"employed":[105],"efficient":[110],"processing":[111],"macro-transactions":[113],"on":[114],"chain.":[116],"off-chain":[119,122],"cross-zone":[121],"channels":[123],"set":[125],"up":[126],"provide":[128],"real-time":[129],"transactions":[131],"with":[132,148],"high-frequency":[133],"micro-trading":[134],"scenarios.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"proof-of-concept":[138],"case":[139],"study":[140],"electric":[142],"vehicle":[143],"implemented":[147],"experimental":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrate":[152],"feasibility":[154],"our":[156],"framework.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
