{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410949446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2400195","title":"Enhancing LEO Mega-constellations with Inter-Satellite Links: Vision and Challenges","display_name":"Enhancing LEO Mega-constellations with Inter-Satellite Links: Vision and Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410949446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2400195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.003.2400195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2400195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112906858","display_name":"Chenyu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760675","display_name":"Shuai Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101730071","display_name":"Qian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-2885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423498","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4745-7912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940082","display_name":"Weixiao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-2866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixiao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060341203","display_name":"Abderrahim Benslimane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198415970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse","ror":"https://ror.org/00mfpxb84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abderrahim Benslimane","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Avignon,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Avignon,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":65.2176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99893542,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"196","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.8109451532363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7889333963394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.6312211751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5955842137336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.5545837879180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mega","display_name":"Mega-","score":0.5293344259262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4759276211261749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43282365798950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32018160820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1393740475177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.09477293491363525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.8109451532363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889333963394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.6312211751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5955842137336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.5545837879180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.5293344259262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4759276211261749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43282365798950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32018160820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1393740475177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.09477293491363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.003.2400195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2400195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2098746018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M764187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G681025585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2571488926","https://openalex.org/W2607349064","https://openalex.org/W2743363440","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2941952695","https://openalex.org/W3091203760","https://openalex.org/W3091347457","https://openalex.org/W3147278562","https://openalex.org/W3193219851","https://openalex.org/W4206779053","https://openalex.org/W4309805845","https://openalex.org/W4375928794","https://openalex.org/W4376456418","https://openalex.org/W4405520969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385787340","https://openalex.org/W2394459062","https://openalex.org/W2392670398","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W4224313018","https://openalex.org/W2355913771","https://openalex.org/W2560673277","https://openalex.org/W4225291832","https://openalex.org/W3209202847","https://openalex.org/W4407479922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"earth":[1],"orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellites":[4,31,62],"have":[5,44],"been":[6,45],"envisioned":[7],"as":[8,47,96,98],"a":[9,48,134],"significant":[10],"component":[11],"of":[12,29,38,56,76,124],"the":[13,27,36,54,74,83,122],"sixth":[14],"generation":[15],"(6G)":[16],"network":[17],"architecture":[18],"for":[19,111],"achieving":[20],"ubiquitous":[21],"coverage":[22],"and":[23,82,115,118],"seamless":[24],"access.":[25],"However,":[26],"implementation":[28],"LEO":[30,57,80,103],"is":[32,131],"largely":[33],"restricted":[34],"by":[35,59,87],"deployment":[37],"ground":[39],"stations.":[40],"Inter-satellite":[41],"links":[42],"(ISLs)":[43],"regarded":[46],"promising":[49],"technique":[50],"to":[51,63,102,127,144],"fully":[52],"exploit":[53],"potentials":[55],"mega-constellations":[58,81],"concatenating":[60],"multiple":[61],"constitute":[64],"an":[65],"autonomous":[66],"space":[67],"network.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"article,":[71],"we":[72,90],"present":[73],"merits":[75],"implementing":[77],"ISLs":[78,126],"in":[79],"representative":[84],"applications":[85],"empowered":[86],"ISLs.":[88],"Moreover,":[89],"outline":[91],"several":[92],"key":[93],"technical":[94],"challenges":[95],"well":[97],"potential":[99,123],"solutions":[100],"related":[101],"satellite":[104],"networks":[105],"with":[106,133],"ISLs,":[107],"including":[108],"performance":[109,136],"analysis":[110],"system":[112],"design,":[113],"routing":[114],"load":[116],"balancing,":[117],"resource":[119],"allocation.":[120],"Particularly,":[121],"using":[125],"enhance":[128],"in-flight":[129],"connectivity":[130],"showcased":[132],"preliminary":[135],"evaluation.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"some":[139],"open":[140],"issues":[141],"are":[142],"discussed":[143],"inspire":[145],"future":[146],"research.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}