{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211008122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2100393","title":"Deep Learning Aided Routing for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks Relying on Real Satellite, Flight, and Shipping Data","display_name":"Deep Learning Aided Routing for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks Relying on Real Satellite, Flight, and Shipping Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211008122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2100393","mag":"3211008122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.003.2100393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2100393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407401","display_name":"Dong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0619-1480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,China","Beihang University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067509102","display_name":"Jiankang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-1711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","display_name":"Bournemouth University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wwcw481","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiankang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bournemouth University,England","Bournemouth University, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bournemouth University,England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bournemouth University, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054496135","display_name":"Jingjing Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton,England","University of Southampton, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton,England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041481409","display_name":"Soon Xin Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-7194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon-Xin Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton,England","University of Southampton, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton,England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079225380","display_name":"Robert G. Maunder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Maunder","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton,England","University of Southampton, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton,England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton,England","University of Southampton, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton,England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.4877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99281347,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7642238140106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6529548764228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5553664565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5230773091316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3372272253036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33433109521865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3249010741710663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2750428318977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.24065536260604858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7642238140106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6529548764228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5553664565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5230773091316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3372272253036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33433109521865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3249010741710663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2750428318977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.24065536260604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.003.2100393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.003.2100393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk:36147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400186","display_name":"Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","host_organization_name":"Bournemouth University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1190378674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L010550/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471839284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1972339859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5514339371","display_name":"Ubiquitous Quantum Communications","funder_award_id":"789028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6229360908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1,EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561610472","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2894013725","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2936200124","https://openalex.org/W2960649959","https://openalex.org/W3008924632","https://openalex.org/W3030720754","https://openalex.org/W3081825208","https://openalex.org/W3088836557","https://openalex.org/W3100743506","https://openalex.org/W3128254715","https://openalex.org/W3156082423","https://openalex.org/W3176766627","https://openalex.org/W3195697310","https://openalex.org/W3208473499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520802852","https://openalex.org/W2095512555","https://openalex.org/W2743947972","https://openalex.org/W2371910819","https://openalex.org/W2086050356","https://openalex.org/W2364161837","https://openalex.org/W2219893072","https://openalex.org/W2528906239","https://openalex.org/W2529474223","https://openalex.org/W2352212645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"maritime":[1,46,65],"communications":[2,47],"mainly":[3],"rely":[4],"on":[5,36,132],"satellites":[6],"having":[7],"meager":[8],"transmission":[9],"resources,":[10],"hence":[11],"suffering":[12],"from":[13],"poorer":[14],"performance":[15],"than":[16],"modern":[17],"terrestrial":[18,76],"wireless":[19],"networks.":[20],"With":[21],"the":[22,28,68,82,97,117,140,147,151,156,162,169],"growth":[23],"of":[24,31,43,102,184],"transcontinental":[25],"air":[26],"traffic,":[27],"promising":[29],"concept":[30],"aeronautical":[32],"ad-hoc":[33],"networking":[34],"relying":[35],"commercial":[37],"passenger":[38,74],"airplanes":[39],"is":[40,182],"potentially":[41],"capable":[42,183],"enhancing":[44],"satellite-based":[45],"via":[48],"air-to-ground":[49],"and":[50,86,95,99,121,136,159],"multihop":[51],"air-to-air":[52],"links.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"article,":[56],"we":[57,106],"conceive":[58],"space-air-ground":[59,103],"integrated":[60,104,148],"networks":[61],"for":[62],"supporting":[63],"ubiquitous":[64],"communications,":[66],"where":[67],"low":[69],"earth":[70],"orbit":[71],"satellite":[72],"constellations,":[73],"air-planes,":[75],"base":[77],"stations,":[78],"ships,":[79],"serve":[80],"as":[81,165,167],"space,":[83],"air,":[84],"ground,":[85],"sea":[87],"layer,":[88],"respectively.":[89],"To":[90],"meet":[91],"heterogeneous":[92],"service":[93],"requirements,":[94],"accommodate":[96],"time-varying":[98],"self-organizing":[100],"nature":[101],"networks,":[105],"propose":[107],"a":[108,124],"deep":[109,176],"learning":[110,177],"aided":[111,178],"multi-objective":[112,179],"routing":[113,180],"algorithm,":[114],"which":[115],"exploits":[116],"quasi-predictable":[118],"network":[119,149],"topology":[120],"operates":[122],"in":[123,139],"distributed":[125],"manner.":[126],"Our":[127],"simulation":[128],"results":[129,172],"&#x2014;":[130,144],"based":[131],"real":[133],"satellite,":[134],"flight,":[135],"shipping":[137],"data":[138],"North":[141],"Atlantic":[142],"region":[143],"show":[145],"that":[146,174],"enhances":[150],"coverage":[152],"quality":[153],"by":[154,160],"reducing":[155],"end-to-end":[157,163],"delay":[158],"boosting":[161],"throughput,":[164],"well":[166],"improving":[168],"path-lifetime.":[170],"The":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"our":[175],"algorithm":[181],"achieving":[185],"near":[186],"pareto-optimal":[187],"performance.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
