{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408519599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2400201","title":"Sparse MIMO for ISAC: New Opportunities and Challenges","display_name":"Sparse MIMO for ISAC: New Opportunities and Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408519599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2400201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2400201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2400201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601314","display_name":"Xinrui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-3733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113258486","display_name":"Hongqi Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongqi Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101932355","display_name":"Yong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-7009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081869164","display_name":"Linglong Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-7315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linglong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100316075","display_name":"Yifei Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422057","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-7616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99065725,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"170","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8117042779922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6533955931663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35914134979248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34424537420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.33845221996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.11810526251792908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8117042779922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6533955931663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35914134979248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34424537420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.33845221996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.11810526251792908}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2400201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2400201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7238088061","display_name":"\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u8054\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2104471789","https://openalex.org/W2164390589","https://openalex.org/W3091952911","https://openalex.org/W3126960778","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4313886683","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4390692564","https://openalex.org/W4391697040","https://openalex.org/W4394744873","https://openalex.org/W4399205858","https://openalex.org/W6843114538","https://openalex.org/W6873381612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple-input":[0],"multiple-output":[1],"(MIMO)":[2],"has":[3,84],"been":[4,85],"a":[5,88,119,144,154],"key":[6],"technology":[7,146],"of":[8,26,61,78,110,122,157,197,225],"wireless":[9,62,69],"communications":[10],"for":[11,126,147,165,228,235],"decades.":[12],"A":[13],"typical":[14],"MIMO":[15,45,83,105,116,124,139,176,227],"system":[16],"employs":[17],"antenna":[18,80],"arrays":[19],"with":[20,106,128],"the":[21,27,58,76,97,107,193,223],"inter-antenna":[22],"spacing":[23],"being":[24],"half":[25],"signal":[28,204],"wavelength,":[29],"which":[30],"we":[31,152,217],"term":[32],"as":[33,87,100,186,188],"compact":[34,104],"MIMO.":[35],"Looking":[36],"forward":[37],"toward":[38,171],"future":[39,236],"sixth-generation":[40],"(6G)":[41],"mobile":[42],"communication":[43,169],"networks,":[44],"systems":[46,125],"need":[47],"to":[48,54,94,102,118,142,221],"achieve":[49],"even":[50],"finer":[51],"spatial":[52],"resolution":[53],"not":[55],"only":[56],"enhance":[57],"spectral":[59],"efficiency":[60],"communications,":[63],"but":[64],"also":[65],"enable":[66],"more":[67],"accurate":[68],"sensing.":[70],"To":[71],"this":[72,150],"end,":[73],"by":[74,182],"removing":[75],"restriction":[77],"half-wavelength":[79],"spacing,":[81],"sparse":[82,115,138,175,198,226],"proposed":[86],"new":[89,120,184],"architecture":[90],"that":[91],"is":[92,140],"able":[93],"significantly":[95],"enlarge":[96],"array":[98,111,213],"aperture":[99],"compared":[101],"conventional":[103],"same":[108],"number":[109],"elements.":[112],"In":[113],"addition,":[114],"leads":[117],"form":[121],"virtual":[123,130],"sensing":[127,167],"their":[129,183],"apertures":[131],"considerably":[132],"larger":[133],"than":[134],"physical":[135],"apertures.":[136],"As":[137],"expected":[141],"be":[143],"viable":[145],"6G,":[148],"in":[149],"article,":[151],"provide":[153,218],"comprehensive":[155],"overview":[156],"it,":[158],"especially":[159],"focusing":[160],"on":[161],"its":[162],"appealing":[163],"advantages":[164],"integrated":[166],"and":[168,212,230],"(ISAC)":[170],"6G.":[172],"Specifically,":[173],"assorted":[174],"architectures":[177],"are":[178],"first":[179],"introduced,":[180],"followed":[181],"benefits":[185],"well":[187],"challenges.":[189],"We":[190],"then":[191],"discuss":[192],"main":[194],"design":[195],"issues":[196],"MIMO,":[199],"including":[200],"beam":[201,209],"pattern":[202],"synthesis,":[203],"processing,":[205],"grating":[206],"lobe":[207],"suppression,":[208],"codebook":[210],"design,":[211],"geometry":[214],"optimization.":[215],"Last,":[216],"numerical":[219],"results":[220],"evaluate":[222],"performance":[224],"ISAC":[229],"point":[231],"out":[232],"promising":[233],"directions":[234],"research.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
