{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313270445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2200099","title":"Blockchain and AI Enabled Configurable Reflection Resource Allocation for IRS-Aided Coexisting Drone-Terrestrial Networks","display_name":"Blockchain and AI Enabled Configurable Reflection Resource Allocation for IRS-Aided Coexisting Drone-Terrestrial Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313270445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2200099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2200099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2200099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038049856","display_name":"Qianqian Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-0165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004673608","display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University,Japan","Waseda University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088617561","display_name":"Ali Kashif Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131870445","display_name":"Woxsen School of Business","ror":"https://ror.org/0305fyb87","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131870445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}],"countries":["GB","IN","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Kashif Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University,U.K","Manchester Metropolitan University, U.K","Woxsen University, India","Lebanese American University, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woxsen University, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131870445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese American University, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391369","display_name":"Jianhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-9635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China and with Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047675701","display_name":"Sahil Vashisht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-8709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahil Vashisht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,India","Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087735486","display_name":"Raheel Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheel Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Staffordshire University,U.K","Staffordshire University, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Staffordshire University,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Staffordshire University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85576879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"46","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9254000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8460525274276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.6888998746871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.6423452496528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.6371835470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.52548748254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.48919132351875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4770347774028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.46819767355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4368996024131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41866302490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.41420820355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32445234060287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31509268283843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17535841464996338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8460525274276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.6888998746871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6423452496528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.6371835470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.52548748254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48919132351875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4770347774028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.46819767355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4368996024131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41866302490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.41420820355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32445234060287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31509268283843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17535841464996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2200099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2200099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:8465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881431507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2019,61972255,U20B2048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003303706","https://openalex.org/W3004796362","https://openalex.org/W3038283497","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3040741665","https://openalex.org/W3083631507","https://openalex.org/W3093728622","https://openalex.org/W3109400146","https://openalex.org/W3134737640","https://openalex.org/W3136444669","https://openalex.org/W3142822491","https://openalex.org/W3168517868","https://openalex.org/W3201268413","https://openalex.org/W4205380020","https://openalex.org/W4206755936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124130287","https://openalex.org/W2923452570","https://openalex.org/W206598027","https://openalex.org/W2978610750","https://openalex.org/W2022931285","https://openalex.org/W1589966275","https://openalex.org/W2086872282","https://openalex.org/W2137789903","https://openalex.org/W2138781885","https://openalex.org/W4315630413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,28,54,88,124,130,135,151,166,175,184,198,211],"capability":[2],"of":[3,91,96,200,210],"establishing":[4],"line-of-sight":[5],"(LoS)":[6],"links":[7,31],"for":[8,24,123,134,147],"devices,":[9],"drones":[10],"are":[11,32,76,85,214],"generally":[12],"utilized":[13],"as":[14],"aerial":[15],"base":[16],"stations":[17],"to":[18,49,87,143],"construct":[19],"coexisting":[20],"drone-terrestrial":[21],"networks":[22],"(CDTNs)":[23],"wireless":[25],"communication.":[26],"However,":[27,60],"established":[29],"LoS":[30],"easily":[33],"blocked,":[34],"thereby":[35],"severely":[36],"decreasing":[37],"transmission":[38,52],"performance.":[39],"The":[40],"intelligent":[41,94,185],"reflecting":[42],"surface":[43],"(IRS)":[44],"is":[45,66,100,141,157,181],"a":[46,80,102,111,138],"promising":[47],"technology":[48],"improve":[50,144],"data":[51,148],"in":[53],"CDTN":[55],"by":[56],"programming":[57],"propagation":[58],"channels.":[59],"secure":[61],"IRS":[62,72,97,140],"reflection":[63,98,119,153,177,186,191],"resource":[64,73,120,154,172,178],"allocation":[65,74,95,121,164,179],"still":[67],"an":[68],"open":[69,205],"issue.":[70,104],"Existing":[71],"methods":[75],"mainly":[77],"based":[78],"on":[79],"centralized":[81],"third":[82],"party":[83],"and":[84,113,170,189,207],"vulnerable":[86],"single":[89],"point":[90],"failure.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93,194],"resources":[99],"also":[101],"key":[103,208],"To":[105],"solve":[106],"these":[107],"problems,":[108],"we":[109,128,162],"propose":[110],"blockchain":[112,168],"artificial":[114],"intelligence":[115],"(AI)":[116],"enabled":[117],"configurable":[118],"approach":[122,213],"IRS-aided":[125,131],"CDTN.":[126],"First,":[127],"establish":[129],"communication":[132],"framework":[133],"CDTN,":[136],"where":[137],"drone-mounted":[139],"introduced":[142],"spatial":[145],"freedom":[146],"transmission.":[149],"Second,":[150],"blockchain-based":[152],"management":[155],"mechanism":[156,180],"proposed.":[158],"In":[159],"this":[160],"mechanism,":[161],"design":[163],"transactions,":[165],"hierarchical":[167],"structure,":[169],"smart-contract-enabled":[171],"trading.":[173],"Third,":[174],"AI-based":[176],"proposed,":[182],"including":[183],"elements":[187],"assignment":[188],"deep-reinforcement-learning-driven":[190],"coefficient":[192],"configuration.":[193],"experimental":[195],"results":[196],"verify":[197],"effectiveness":[199],"our":[201],"proposed":[202,212],"approach.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"issues":[206],"challenges":[209],"discussed.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
