{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173487505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100196","title":"Optimization Techniques in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Networks","display_name":"Optimization Techniques in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173487505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100196","mag":"3173487505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2100196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002016154","display_name":"Biqian Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biqian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024843689","display_name":"Junyuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-336X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065362219","display_name":"Yongpeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-5057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447806","display_name":"Wenjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8799-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065367615","display_name":"Xiang\u2010Gen Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Gen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware,Newark,USA","University of Delaware, Newark, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware,Newark,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware, Newark, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101833538","display_name":"Chengshan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-5045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengshan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehigh University,USA","Lehigh University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84360679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"87","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9135000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9122999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.84218430519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5980027318000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.48701387643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.48069125413894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4503369629383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42540520429611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41161084175109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11907461285591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.11455079913139343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.84218430519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5980027318000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.48701387643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.48069125413894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4503369629383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42540520429611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41161084175109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11907461285591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.11455079913139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2100196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2667425262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5495080709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1801102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5681140117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"STCSM18DZ2270700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327718","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327718","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2295566694","https://openalex.org/W2784709112","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2952431536","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2973110004","https://openalex.org/W2992456343","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3011149292","https://openalex.org/W3021724149","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3102577982","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3135604469","https://openalex.org/W3146827687","https://openalex.org/W3168739648","https://openalex.org/W3185482389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)-aided":[3],"networks":[4,126],"have":[5,36],"been":[6,37],"investigated":[7],"for":[8,120,144],"the":[9,16,29,53,58,69,85,95,121],"purpose":[10],"of":[11,31,60,124],"improving":[12],"system":[13],"performance.":[14],"However,":[15],"introduced":[17],"unit":[18],"modulus":[19],"phase":[20,42,76,129],"shifts":[21,130],"and":[22,45,79,147,155],"coupling":[23],"characteristic":[24],"bring":[25],"enormous":[26],"challenges":[27,138],"to":[28,39,51,67,93,131,141,149],"optimization":[30,59,74,86,122,153],"RIS-aided":[32,61,125],"networks.":[33,62],"Many":[34],"efforts":[35],"made":[38],"jointly":[40],"optimize":[41],"shift":[43,77],"vector":[44],"other":[46],"parameters.":[47],"This":[48],"article":[49],"intends":[50],"survey":[52],"latest":[54],"research":[55],"results":[56],"on":[57,73],"A":[63],"taxonomy":[64],"is":[65,100],"devised":[66],"categorize":[68],"existing":[70],"literature":[71],"based":[72],"types,":[75],"form,":[78],"decoupling":[80],"methods.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"in":[83,90],"alternating":[84],"framework,":[87],"we":[88,115],"introduce":[89],"detail":[91],"how":[92],"exploit":[94],"aforementioned":[96],"technologies":[97],"flexibly.":[98],"It":[99],"known":[101],"that":[102],"most":[103],"works":[104],"could":[105],"not":[106],"guarantee":[107],"a":[108,117,133],"stationary":[109,134],"point.":[110,135],"To":[111],"overcome":[112],"this":[113],"problem,":[114],"propose":[116],"unified":[118],"framework":[119],"problem":[123],"with":[127],"continuous":[128],"find":[132],"Finally,":[136],"key":[137],"are":[139,159],"outlined":[140],"provide":[142],"guidelines":[143],"domain":[145],"researchers":[146],"designers":[148],"explore":[150],"more":[151],"efficient":[152],"frameworks,":[154],"then":[156],"open":[157],"issues":[158],"discussed.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
