{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210540330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100136","title":"On Channel Reciprocity in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Networks","display_name":"On Channel Reciprocity in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210540330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2100136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015179543","display_name":"Wankai Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1751-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wankai Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China","Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340520","display_name":"Xiangyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1401-8220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China","Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009823273","display_name":"Ming Zheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-580X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China","Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008304712","display_name":"Jun Yan Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-1232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yan Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong","City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688274","display_name":"Yu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-6050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design,Singapore","Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China","Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083141785","display_name":"Qiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China","Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039289964","display_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,United Kingdom","Imperial College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009237669","display_name":"Tie Jun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Jun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China","Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95832952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"94","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8021217584609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6038058996200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","score":0.48248031735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47999757528305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4639657735824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.45603784918785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40183955430984497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8021217584609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6038058996200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.48248031735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47999757528305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4639657735824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.45603784918785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40183955430984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2100136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2100136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1018302693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0700201,2017YFA0700202,2017YFA0700203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1500623155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6555637624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2266174932","https://openalex.org/W2901268226","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2967496172","https://openalex.org/W2980902966","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2999550154","https://openalex.org/W3009902505","https://openalex.org/W3028703596","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3092880421","https://openalex.org/W3100492009","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3121470477","https://openalex.org/W6774773516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121820748","https://openalex.org/W164043708","https://openalex.org/W1734862528","https://openalex.org/W3124926124","https://openalex.org/W2067711064","https://openalex.org/W2138015815","https://openalex.org/W1491850760","https://openalex.org/W2068982824","https://openalex.org/W1984513274","https://openalex.org/W2049287852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Channel":[0],"reciprocity":[1,64,75,87,100],"greatly":[2],"facilitates":[3],"downlink":[4],"precoding":[5],"in":[6,66,77],"time-division":[7],"duplexing":[8],"(TDD)":[9],"multiple-input":[10],"multiple-output":[11],"communications":[12],"without":[13],"the":[14,34,42,52,62,74,99,102],"need":[15],"for":[16,88],"channel":[17,63,86],"state":[18],"information":[19],"feedback.":[20],"Recently,":[21],"reconfigurable":[22],"intelligent":[23],"surfaces":[24],"(RISs)":[25],"have":[26],"emerged":[27],"as":[28],"a":[29,59],"promising":[30],"technology":[31],"to":[32,120],"enhance":[33],"performance":[35],"of":[36,46,55],"future":[37,132],"wireless":[38,69,90],"networks.":[39],"However,":[40],"since":[41],"artificial":[43],"electromagnetic":[44],"characteristics":[45],"RISs":[47,130],"do":[48],"not":[49],"strictly":[50],"follow":[51],"normal":[53],"laws":[54],"nature,":[56],"it":[57],"raises":[58],"question:":[60],"does":[61],"hold":[65],"RIS-assisted":[67,89,118],"TDD":[68],"networks?":[70],"After":[71],"briefly":[72],"reviewing":[73],"theorem,":[76],"this":[78],"article,":[79],"we":[80,115],"show":[81],"that":[82],"there":[83],"is":[84],"still":[85],"networks":[91],"satisfying":[92],"certain":[93],"conditions.":[94],"We":[95],"also":[96],"experimentally":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"at":[101],"sub-6":[103],"GHz":[104],"and":[105,131],"millimeter-wave":[106],"frequency":[107],"bands":[108],"by":[109,128],"using":[110],"two":[111],"fabricated":[112],"RISs.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"introduce":[116],"several":[117],"approaches":[119],"realizing":[121],"nonreciprocal":[122],"channels.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"potential":[125],"opportunities":[126],"brought":[127],"reciprocal/nonreciprocal":[129],"research":[133],"directions":[134],"are":[135],"outlined.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2022-02-08T00:00:00"}
