{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160229524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2000455","title":"Blockchain-Enabled Applications in Next-Generation Wireless Systems: Challenges and Opportunities","display_name":"Blockchain-Enabled Applications in Next-Generation Wireless Systems: Challenges and Opportunities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160229524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2000455","mag":"3160229524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2000455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2000455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342488","display_name":"Xu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-149X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057020","display_name":"Paul T. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5051-9159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089593945","display_name":"Catalina Mladin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catalina Mladin","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504222","display_name":"Chonggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-5233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chonggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97919848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"86","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.966283917427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748591959476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5893039703369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5376848578453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.5131462216377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4159521460533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36756443977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36553654074668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28989362716674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2476310133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11909079551696777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.966283917427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748591959476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5893039703369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5376848578453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.5131462216377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4159521460533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36756443977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36553654074668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28989362716674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2476310133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11909079551696777}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2000455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2000455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914797198","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2952260178","https://openalex.org/W2980674799","https://openalex.org/W2998030090","https://openalex.org/W3031802354","https://openalex.org/W3043325980","https://openalex.org/W3088903303","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W4248175462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322706879","https://openalex.org/W4308820167","https://openalex.org/W4309685129","https://openalex.org/W4323315631","https://openalex.org/W2799748498","https://openalex.org/W2053015148","https://openalex.org/W1751052531","https://openalex.org/W2125814501","https://openalex.org/W1913634975","https://openalex.org/W4385483253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"emerging":[1],"wireless":[2,44,59,75,91,100,114,135,139,191],"applications":[3,92,115],"are":[4,53],"based":[5,107],"on":[6,108,131,151],"unique":[7],"requirements":[8],"such":[9,42,176,193],"as":[10,177,194],"edge":[11],"data":[12],"processing,":[13],"distributed":[14],"trust,":[15],"and":[16,22,31,39,49,116,156,180,186,198],"automation,":[17],"which":[18],"can":[19,72],"be":[20],"provided":[21],"enabled":[23],"by":[24,89],"blockchain":[25,47,70,101,110,118,121,129,147,153,163,183],"technology":[26,48,71],"through":[27],"decentralization,":[28],"transaction":[29,184],"accountability,":[30],"smart":[32],"contract-based":[33],"automation.":[34],"This":[35,165],"article":[36,166],"discusses":[37],"opportunities":[38],"challenges":[40,87],"of":[41,79,85,128,133],"blockchain-enabled":[43,90],"applications.":[45,76,136],"First,":[46],"5G":[50],"system":[51],"architecture":[52,103],"briefly":[54],"reviewed.":[55],"Then,":[56],"an":[57],"example":[58],"application":[60,140],"use":[61],"case":[62],"is":[63,93,105],"presented":[64],"to":[65,74,144,159],"illustrate":[66],"the":[67,86,152],"benefits":[68],"that":[69],"bring":[73],"A":[77],"set":[78],"pending":[80],"research":[81,171],"issues":[82],"addressing":[83],"some":[84],"faced":[88],"introduced.":[94],"As":[95],"a":[96,99,109,138],"potential":[97],"solution,":[98],"middleware":[102,111,122,154],"(BlockWare)":[104],"proposed,":[106],"layer":[112,123,155],"connecting":[113],"underlying":[117,162],"infrastructure.":[119],"The":[120],"interacts":[124],"with":[125],"various":[126,161],"types":[127],"systems":[130,192],"behalf":[132],"different":[134],"Thus,":[137],"does":[141],"not":[142],"need":[143],"implement":[145],"complex":[146],"functions,":[148],"rather":[149],"relying":[150],"its":[157],"services":[158],"leverage":[160],"systems.":[164],"also":[167],"points":[168],"out":[169],"several":[170],"directions":[172],"for":[173],"future":[174,190],"study,":[175],"inter-blockchain":[178],"interactions":[179],"interoperability,":[181],"efficient":[182],"management,":[185],"blockchain-based":[187],"messaging":[188],"in":[189],"5G,":[195,197],"beyond":[196],"6G.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
