{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416078418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3623298","title":"Low-Rate Denial-of-Service Attack Detection in Open Radio Access Network: Integrating Federated Learning","display_name":"Low-Rate Denial-of-Service Attack Detection in Open Radio Access Network: Integrating Federated Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416078418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3623298"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3623298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3623298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082015679","display_name":"Cheng-Feng Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-2261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Feng Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on AI Security and Technology Evolution, Cybersecurity Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-2261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on AI Security and Technology Evolution, Cybersecurity Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001082656","display_name":"C.\u2010C. Jay Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-5035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chui-Chen Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040420733","display_name":"Shin\u2010Ming Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-0643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin-Ming Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-0643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77015404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"75","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.15629999339580536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.15629999339580536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.15189999341964722,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.3449000120162964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6863999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117387248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11186","display_name":"Private network","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3623298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3623298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G313061315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2634-F-011-002-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8725316736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2923-E-011-005-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2968746919","https://openalex.org/W3007603430","https://openalex.org/W4287887122","https://openalex.org/W4292686432","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4328053442","https://openalex.org/W4391326527","https://openalex.org/W4391759723","https://openalex.org/W4400811247","https://openalex.org/W4402811674","https://openalex.org/W4406090087"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"vulnerabilities":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"critical":[5],"with":[6],"the":[7,48,84,154,163,173,233,240],"growing":[8],"connection":[9],"of":[10,12,157,165,175,235,243],"Internet":[11],"Things":[13],"(IoT)":[14],"devices":[15],"and":[16,32,36,56,69,75,118,161,182,212],"industrial":[17],"control":[18],"systems":[19,237],"to":[20,98],"4G/5G":[21],"private":[22],"networks":[23],"(PNs).":[24],"Attacks":[25],"in":[26,106,114,159,168,178,196,217,227,238,246],"such":[27],"environments":[28,222],"are":[29,104,119],"often":[30],"complex":[31],"diverse,":[33],"requiring":[34],"advanced":[35,86],"adaptive":[37],"detection":[38,42,100,164,225],"mechanisms.":[39],"However,":[40],"conventional":[41],"systems,":[43],"which":[44,93,149],"typically":[45],"rely":[46],"on":[47],"core":[49],"network,":[50],"incur":[51],"high":[52],"costs,":[53],"introduce":[54],"latency,":[55],"lack":[57],"adaptability.":[58],"The":[59,193],"open":[60],"radio":[61],"access":[62],"network":[63,139],"(O-RAN)":[64],"architecture":[65],"provides":[66],"a":[67,81],"flexible":[68],"cost-effective":[70],"framework":[71],"by":[72],"decoupling":[73],"hardware":[74],"software":[76],"components.":[77],"This":[78,141],"article":[79],"presents":[80],"novel":[82],"solution,":[83],"O-RAN":[85,220],"information":[87],"security":[88],"sharing":[89],"system":[90],"(O-RAN":[91],"AIS3),":[92],"integrates":[94],"federated":[95],"learning":[96,143],"(FL)":[97],"enhance":[99],"capabilities.":[101],"Detection":[102],"models":[103],"deployed":[105],"near":[107],"real-time":[108],"RAN":[109],"intelligent":[110],"controllers":[111],"(Near-RT":[112],"RICs)":[113],"diverse":[115,138],"deployment":[116],"scenarios":[117],"periodically":[120],"updated":[121],"through":[122],"parameter":[123],"sharing.":[124],"A":[125],"Y1":[126],"consumer":[127],"aggregates":[128],"parameters":[129],"from":[130,204],"multiple":[131],"Near-RT":[132],"RICs,":[133],"enabling":[134],"knowledge":[135,147],"synchronization":[136],"across":[137],"environments.":[140],"collaborative":[142],"approach":[144,177],"enables":[145],"cross-domain":[146],"sharing,":[148],"is":[150],"essential":[151],"for":[152,189],"addressing":[153,239],"dynamic":[155],"nature":[156],"attacks":[158],"PNs":[160],"optimizing":[162],"emerging":[166],"threats":[167],"real":[169],"time.":[170],"We":[171],"evaluated":[172],"effectiveness":[174,234],"this":[176],"detecting":[179],"unseen":[180],"low-rate":[181,211],"high-rate":[183,213],"denial-of-service":[184],"(DoS)":[185],"attacks,":[186],"leveraging":[187],"FL":[188],"enhanced":[190],"cross-operator":[191],"security.":[192],"dataset,":[194],"collected":[195],"an":[197],"emulated":[198],"PN":[199,221],"environment,":[200],"included":[201],"traffic":[202],"generated":[203],"11":[205],"distinct":[206],"attack":[207],"types,":[208],"covering":[209],"both":[210,228],"scenarios.":[214],"Experiments":[215],"conducted":[216],"two":[218],"5G":[219],"demonstrated":[223],"improved":[224],"accuracy":[226],"cases.":[229],"These":[230],"results":[231],"underscore":[232],"FL-based":[236],"increasing":[241],"complexity":[242],"malicious":[244],"behaviors":[245],"operational":[247],"PNs.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00"}
