{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416178265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","title":"1Q: First-Generation Wireless Systems Integrating Classical and Quantum Communication","display_name":"1Q: First-Generation Wireless Systems Integrating Classical and Quantum Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416178265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071289803","display_name":"Petar Popovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Popovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-4797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054388477","display_name":"\u010cedomir Stefanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u010cedomir Stefanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-2908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090175476","display_name":"Beatriz Soret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-645X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Soret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Telecommunications Research Institute, University of M\u00e1laga, Málaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-645X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Research Institute, University of M\u00e1laga, Málaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061754527","display_name":"Israel Leyva\u2010Mayorga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-397X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Leyva-Mayorga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-397X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030621292","display_name":"Shashi Raj Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-4131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashi Raj Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Connectivity Section, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-4131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Connectivity Section, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018036254","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 B\u00f8dker Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9209-3739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 B\u00f8dker Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9209-3739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120349079","display_name":"Jakob Kaltoft S\u00f8ndergaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0458-6202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Kaltoft S\u00f8ndergaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0458-6202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102553862","display_name":"Kristian Skafte Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1779-7163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Skafte Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1779-7163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026344476","display_name":"Thomas Garm Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-6190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Garm Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Materials and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-6190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082456247","display_name":"Angela Sara Cacciapuoti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-2927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Sara Cacciapuoti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","Quantum Internet Research Group, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-2927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Internet Research Group, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7644,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93673317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"18","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.43720000982284546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.43720000982284546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.10859999805688858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.08619999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel","display_name":"Quantum channel","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-technology","display_name":"Quantum technology","score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-sensor","display_name":"Quantum sensor","score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-teleportation","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-science","display_name":"Quantum information science","score":0.43970000743865967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91717678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135332","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","level":5,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206040425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4748511","display_name":"Amplitude damping channel","level":5,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41241483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269015","display_name":"Quantum capacity","level":5,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22984246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269058","display_name":"Quantum imaging","level":5,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122527463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:506755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2025.3622826>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:18679553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2025.3622826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 20(4), 18 - 33, (2025-11-13)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e6564234-3092-4e92-8da1-de0df50b3c1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/e6564234-3092-4e92-8da1-de0df50b3c1f","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/812622292/Accepted_Author_Manuscript.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Popovski, P, Stefanovi\u0107, \u010c, Soret, B, Leyva-Mayorga, I, Pandey, S R, Christensen, R B, S\u00f8ndergaard, J K, Jensen, K S, Pedersen, T G, Cacciapuoti, A S & Hanzo, L 2025, '1Q : First-Generation Wireless Systems Integrating Classical and Quantum Communication', IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2025.3622826","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3622826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1566636077","display_name":"Platform Driving The Ultimate Connectivity","funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1834936369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101169850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2006888522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101169850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2909309003","display_name":"Reliable and Robust Quantum Computing","funder_award_id":"EP/W032635/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3589673515","display_name":"TITAN Extension","funder_award_id":"EP/Y037243/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320943","display_name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","ror":"https://ror.org/00znyv691"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"the":[2,6,91,114,118],"concept":[3],"of":[4,10,79],"1Q,":[5],"first":[7],"wireless":[8],"generation":[9],"integrated":[11],"classical":[12,49,96],"and":[13,44,51,60,73,90,95,110],"quantum":[14,18,38,40,52,67,71,75,81,94],"communication.":[15],"1Q":[16],"features":[17],"base":[19],"stations":[20],"(QBSs)":[21],"that":[22],"support":[23],"entanglement":[24,53,107],"distribution":[25],"via":[26],"free-space":[27],"optical":[28],"links":[29],"alongside":[30],"traditional":[31],"radio":[32],"communications.":[33],"Key":[34],"new":[35],"components":[36],"include":[37],"cells,":[39],"user":[41],"equipment":[42],"(QUEs),":[43],"hybrid":[45],"resource":[46],"allocation":[47],"spanning":[48],"time-frequency":[50],"domains.":[54],"Several":[55],"application":[56],"scenarios":[57],"are":[58,83],"discussed":[59],"illustrated":[61],"through":[62],"system":[63],"design":[64],"requirements":[65],"for":[66],"key":[68],"distribution,":[69,109],"blind":[70],"computing,":[72],"distributed":[74],"sensing.":[76],"A":[77],"range":[78],"unique":[80],"constraints":[82],"identified,":[84],"including":[85],"decoherence":[86],"timing,":[87],"fidelity":[88],"requirements,":[89],"interplay":[92],"between":[93],"error":[97],"probabilities.":[98],"Protocol":[99],"adaptations":[100],"extend":[101],"cellular":[102,119],"connection":[103],"management":[104],"to":[105,117],"incorporate":[106],"generation,":[108],"handover":[111],"procedures,":[112],"expanding":[113],"Quantum":[115],"Internet":[116],"wireless.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}