{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413074270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3582092","title":"The 5G-Non-Terrestrial Network Channel in a Railway Environment: Characteristics and Required Subcarrier Spacing","display_name":"The 5G-Non-Terrestrial Network Channel in a Railway Environment: Characteristics and Required Subcarrier Spacing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413074270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3582092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3582092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3582092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053136737","display_name":"Benjamin Barth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-4667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Barth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-4667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004592789","display_name":"Anupama Hegde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5003-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupama Hegde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5003-8762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057321341","display_name":"Sandro Scalise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0883-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Scalise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satellite Networks Department, Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite Networks Department, Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050744907","display_name":"Alessandro Brizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-4985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Brizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-4985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012543025","display_name":"Cristian Iacurto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Iacurto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033467874","display_name":"Vincenzo Schena","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Schena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Domain Telecommunication Italy, Thales Alenia Space Italia S.p.A., Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Domain Telecommunication Italy, Thales Alenia Space Italia S.p.A., Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119256870","display_name":"David Choda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81935515","display_name":"Network Rail","ror":"https://ror.org/02ct12k14","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81935515"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Choda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Rail, Milton Keynes, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Rail, Milton Keynes, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81935515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74773785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"78","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.7877426147460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6438160538673401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5310226678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39853766560554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39848577976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39606544375419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3260708749294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.24385783076286316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.7877426147460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6438160538673401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5310226678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39853766560554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39848577976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39606544375419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3260708749294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.24385783076286316}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3582092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3582092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:217124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2025.3582092>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061487796","https://openalex.org/W2064602963","https://openalex.org/W2083516512","https://openalex.org/W2083607303","https://openalex.org/W3009589469","https://openalex.org/W4385801008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2172159377","https://openalex.org/W2091769028","https://openalex.org/W2351865055","https://openalex.org/W2020731358","https://openalex.org/W2098618074","https://openalex.org/W2534888834","https://openalex.org/W1096586872","https://openalex.org/W2349265206","https://openalex.org/W2350094060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,84],"railway":[1,109],"industry":[2],"is":[3,23,60,72,100,128,136],"specifying":[4],"the":[5,15,18,28,35,51,64,104,108,112],"Future":[6],"Railway":[7],"Mobile":[8],"Communication":[9],"System":[10],"(FRMCS),":[11],"which":[12],"will":[13],"be":[14],"successor":[16],"of":[17,53,125],"currently":[19],"used":[20],"GSM-R.":[21],"It":[22],"a":[24,54,57,121],"5G-based":[25],"system":[26],"with":[27],"possibility":[29],"for":[30,43,74,130,138],"nonterrestrial":[31],"networks":[32],"(NTNs).":[33],"However,":[34],"rail":[36],"track-side":[37],"environment":[38],"introduces":[39],"several":[40],"specific":[41],"impairments":[42],"an":[44],"NTN":[45],"system.":[46],"In":[47],"order":[48],"to":[49,102],"investigate":[50],"performance":[52],"5G-NTN":[55,115],"system,":[56],"channel":[58],"model":[59,71,113],"derived":[61],"based":[62],"on":[63],"literature,":[65],"and":[66,77,96],"gaps":[67],"are":[68,82],"identified.":[69],"defined":[73],"different":[75],"orbits":[76],"elevation":[78],"angles.":[79],"Implementation":[80],"alternatives":[81],"outlined.":[83],"periodic":[85],"fading":[86],"introduced":[87],"by":[88],"overhead":[89],"power":[90,97],"supply":[91,98],"structures,":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94],"portals":[95],"poles,":[99],"found":[101,119],"have":[103],"strongest":[105],"influence":[106],"in":[107,114],"environment.":[110],"Using":[111],"transceiver":[116],"simulations,":[117],"we":[118],"that":[120],"subcarrier":[122],"spacing":[123],"(SCS)":[124],"60":[126],"kHz":[127,135],"sufficient":[129],"S":[131],"band,":[132],"while":[133],"240":[134],"needed":[137],"Ka":[139],"band.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
