{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407169145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3531341","title":"Optimizing Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Geo- Leo Satellite Networks: Overcoming Challenges for Effective Spectrum Utilization","display_name":"Optimizing Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Geo- Leo Satellite Networks: Overcoming Challenges for Effective Spectrum Utilization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407169145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3531341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3531341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3531341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009178181","display_name":"Quynh Tu Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quynh Tu Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-3444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026532023","display_name":"Beeshanga Abewardana Jayawickrama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-344X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beeshanga Abewardana Jayawickrama","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-344X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028388820","display_name":"Ying He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-9375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-9375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063537942","display_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-9286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093647519","display_name":"Kithmini Weththasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4379-4242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kithmini Weththasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4379-4242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059232023","display_name":"Nathan Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093967919","display_name":"Edward Arbon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Arbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Science and Technology Group, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8523-662X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Science and Technology Group, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091579797","display_name":"Mark Bowyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94706221","display_name":"Airbus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hbhxa68","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I94706221"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Bowyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence and Space, Portsmouth, United Kingdom","Airbus Defence and Space, Portsmouth, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space, Portsmouth, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94706221"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space, Portsmouth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94706221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98444289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"115","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.7713454961776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.5615280866622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5131970047950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4964304566383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4879429042339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.46659091114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43153226375579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4109063446521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37332168221473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30207473039627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2926219701766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11917456984519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10326352715492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09214916825294495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.7713454961776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5615280866622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5131970047950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4964304566383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4879429042339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.46659091114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43153226375579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4109063446521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37332168221473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30207473039627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2926219701766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11917456984519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10326352715492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09214916825294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2025.3531341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2025.3531341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901840396","https://openalex.org/W3015191315","https://openalex.org/W3048584142","https://openalex.org/W3080885821","https://openalex.org/W3115655716","https://openalex.org/W3117449691","https://openalex.org/W3119101605","https://openalex.org/W4285529577","https://openalex.org/W4321016411","https://openalex.org/W4366374039","https://openalex.org/W4390551969","https://openalex.org/W4390552021","https://openalex.org/W4399154382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W3089664461","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W2775301649","https://openalex.org/W1976405282","https://openalex.org/W2048427509","https://openalex.org/W2078869233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,15,35,51,59,103,117,161],"wireless":[4],"and":[5],"satellite":[6,20,42,85,94,109,179],"technologies":[7],"has":[8],"increased":[9],"the":[10,16,32,49,56,65,69,91,104,115,134,159],"demand":[11],"for":[12,31,79,98],"efficient":[13],"use":[14],"electromagnetic":[17],"spectrum.":[18],"Cognitive":[19],"networks":[21,126],"offer":[22],"a":[23,143],"promising":[24],"solution,":[25],"with":[26],"spectrum":[27,52,81,96,121,135,162,174],"sensing":[28,53,60,122,163,175],"being":[29],"crucial":[30],"optimal":[33,73],"utilization":[34,82],"radio-frequency":[36],"(RF)":[37],"resources.":[38],"However,":[39],"in":[40,68,83,123,173],"cognitive":[41,84,99,124,177],"networks,":[43],"characterized":[44],"by":[45,89,164],"excessive":[46],"propagation":[47,77,118],"delays,":[48],"effectiveness":[50,160],"depends":[54],"on":[55,120],"strategic":[57],"placement":[58],"nodes.":[61],"This":[62],"article":[63],"represents":[64],"first":[66],"endeavor":[67],"literature":[70],"to":[71,137],"investigate":[72],"spectrum-sensing":[74],"locations":[75],"considering":[76],"delay":[78],"effective":[80],"networks.":[86,180],"We":[87,112],"begin":[88],"examining":[90],"geostationary":[92],"(GEO)":[93],"downlink":[95,110],"availability":[97],"technology":[100],"through":[101],"observations":[102],"<italic":[105],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Inmarsat-4":[107],"F1</i>":[108],"activities.":[111],"then":[113],"analyze":[114],"impact":[116],"delays":[119],"dual-satellite":[125],"(CDSNs),":[127],"where":[128],"low-Earth":[129],"orbit":[130],"(LEO)":[131],"satellites":[132],"share":[133],"allocated":[136],"GEO":[138,148],"satellites.":[139,166],"Additionally,":[140],"we":[141,168],"address":[142],"critical":[144],"design":[145],"consideration:":[146],"tracking":[147],"frequencies":[149],"against":[150],"Doppler":[151],"shifts":[152],"at":[153],"LEO":[154,165],"satellites,":[155],"which":[156],"significantly":[157],"affects":[158],"Finally,":[167],"explore":[169],"future":[170],"research":[171],"directions":[172],"within":[176],"GEO-LEO":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}