{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398152661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2024.3396927","title":"Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Hybrid Multiple-input/multiple-output Beamforming: Learning to Optimize for High-Throughput Scalable MIMO","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Hybrid Multiple-input/multiple-output Beamforming: Learning to Optimize for High-Throughput Scalable MIMO","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398152661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2024.3396927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2024.3396927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2024.3396927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012405763","display_name":"Nir Shlezinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-929X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nir Shlezinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101994358","display_name":"Mengyuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-1883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communi-cations, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communi-cations, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057543686","display_name":"Ortal Lavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7904-2452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ortal Lavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026216458","display_name":"Nhan T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-0147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Thanh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005913897","display_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Math and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Math and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029534229","display_name":"Markku Juntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Juntti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Com-munications, Radio Technologies Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Com-munications, Radio Technologies Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012405763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96383022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"58","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8201700448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7504829168319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6273730993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.583763062953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5417384505271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5197993516921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4853026270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.46184343099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4540156424045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4532843232154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4454864263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4386111795902252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4183109700679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36419615149497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35195422172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3301689028739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22918948531150818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8201700448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7504829168319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6273730993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.583763062953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5417384505271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5197993516921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4853026270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.46184343099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4540156424045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4532843232154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4454864263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4386111795902252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4183109700679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36419615149497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35195422172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3301689028739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22918948531150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2024.3396927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2024.3396927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963504849","https://openalex.org/W2986348246","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3036447852","https://openalex.org/W3120822682","https://openalex.org/W3196681451","https://openalex.org/W4225303644","https://openalex.org/W4289821648","https://openalex.org/W4312790010","https://openalex.org/W4365461416","https://openalex.org/W4383220453","https://openalex.org/W4387682176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W2935871810","https://openalex.org/W1993205288","https://openalex.org/W1520753245","https://openalex.org/W4285223123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"beamforming":[1,38,76,90,105],"for":[2,10,17,74,142],"multiple-input/multiple-output":[3],"(MIMO)":[4],"communications":[5,20],"is":[6],"an":[7],"attractive":[8],"technology":[9],"realizing":[11],"extremely":[12],"massive":[13],"MIMO":[14,32,179],"systems":[15,33],"envisioned":[16],"future":[18,168],"wireless":[19],"in":[21,39,43,67,177],"a":[22,150],"scalable":[23],"and":[24,41,97,118,135,161],"power-efficient":[25],"manner.":[26],"However,":[27],"the":[28,46,94,99,173],"fact":[29],"that":[30],"hybrid":[31,75,89,104,178],"implement":[34],"part":[35,42],"of":[36,48,138,175],"their":[37,49],"analog":[40],"digital":[44,58],"makes":[45],"optimization":[47],"beampattern":[50],"notably":[51],"more":[52],"challenging":[53],"compared":[54],"with":[55,103,145,172],"conventional":[56,116],"fully":[57],"MIMO.":[59],"Consequently,":[60],"recent":[61],"years":[62],"have":[63],"witnessed":[64],"growing":[65],"interest":[66],"using":[68],"data-aided":[69],"artificial":[70],"intelligence":[71],"(AI)":[72],"tools":[73],"design.":[77,91],"This":[78],"article":[79],"reviews":[80],"candidate":[81],"strategies":[82],"to":[83,86],"leverage":[84],"data":[85],"improve":[87],"real-time":[88],"We":[92,107,148,164],"discuss":[93],"architectural":[95],"constraints":[96],"characterize":[98],"core":[100],"challenges":[101,112],"associated":[102,171],"optimization.":[106,147],"then":[108],"present":[109],"how":[110],"these":[111],"are":[113],"treated":[114],"via":[115],"optimization,":[117],"identify":[119],"different":[120,136],"AI-aided":[121],"design":[122],"approaches.":[123],"These":[124],"can":[125],"be":[126],"roughly":[127],"divided":[128],"into":[129],"purely":[130],"data-driven":[131],"deep":[132,139],"learning":[133],"models":[134],"forms":[137],"unfolding":[140],"techniques":[141],"combining":[143],"AI":[144,176],"classical":[146],"provide":[149],"systematic":[151],"comparative":[152],"study":[153],"between":[154],"existing":[155],"approaches,":[156],"including":[157],"both":[158],"numerical":[159],"evaluations":[160],"qualitative":[162],"measures.":[163],"conclude":[165],"by":[166],"presenting":[167],"research":[169],"opportunities":[170],"incorporation":[174],"systems.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}