{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131312469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2021.3119282","title":"Metasurface-Coated Devices: A New Paradigm for Energy-Efficient and Secure 6G Communications","display_name":"Metasurface-Coated Devices: A New Paradigm for Energy-Efficient and Secure 6G Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131312469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2021.3119282","mag":"3131312469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2021.3119282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2021.3119282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12044","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020442416","display_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165204","display_name":"Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05r1mzq61","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China","Jinan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210165204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082140895","display_name":"Constantinos Valagiannopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-2576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantinos Valagiannopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan","Nazarbayev University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nazarbayev University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060100779","display_name":"Hongwu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-5540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China","[Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Incheon, Korea (the Republic of)]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Incheon, Korea (the Republic of)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083860419","display_name":"Alexandros\u2013Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-0872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Researcher, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Researcher, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053781503","display_name":"Nikolaos I. Miridakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094138","display_name":"University of West Attica","ror":"https://ror.org/00r2r5k05","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}],"countries":["CN","GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos I. Miridakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, University of West Attica, Aegaleo, Greece","[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jinan University Zhuhai College, Zhuhai, 519070 Guangdong, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, University of West Attica, Aegaleo, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jinan University Zhuhai College, Zhuhai, 519070 Guangdong, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43198501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"27","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6532867550849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6173801422119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5952538251876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5572381019592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.5478562712669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5279965400695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5273305177688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.49968409538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4918544292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.487588107585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.47327470779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.42393261194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4236880838871002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4136372208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40283411741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1992259919643402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16688984632492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14088374376296997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6532867550849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6173801422119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5952538251876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5572381019592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5478562712669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5279965400695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5273305177688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.49968409538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4918544292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.487588107585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.47327470779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42393261194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4236880838871002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4136372208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40283411741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1992259919643402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16688984632492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14088374376296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mvt.2021.3119282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2021.3119282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98855836","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","issn_l":"1556-6072","issn":["1556-6072","1556-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.12044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.12044","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12044","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.12044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.12044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:3131312469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.12044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.12044","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12044","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4212392025","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u529f\u7387\u6c47\u805a\u8d85\u8868\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5267605286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131312469.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131312469.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027029957","https://openalex.org/W2031557272","https://openalex.org/W2075142536","https://openalex.org/W2118761136","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2145490294","https://openalex.org/W2561637822","https://openalex.org/W2939840506","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2953984813","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2975158636","https://openalex.org/W2979778011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213245317","https://openalex.org/W3036391627","https://openalex.org/W2963961614","https://openalex.org/W3080405150","https://openalex.org/W3044583431","https://openalex.org/W2794545224","https://openalex.org/W3205889206","https://openalex.org/W2955594474","https://openalex.org/W2811443601","https://openalex.org/W2993486003","https://openalex.org/W3035721141","https://openalex.org/W3162909033","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2968068401","https://openalex.org/W2559427615","https://openalex.org/W2898925204","https://openalex.org/W2108194103","https://openalex.org/W3200800398","https://openalex.org/W3014819025","https://openalex.org/W1582987933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82],"6G":[1,178],"era":[2],"comes":[3],"with":[4,98],"the":[5,49,56,66,75,104,111,115,134,137,150,154,159,165,169,177],"challenge":[6],"of":[7,35,114,119,136,153,168],"offering":[8],"highly":[9],"energy-efficient":[10],"and":[11,26,90,172],"autonomous":[12],"communications":[13],"securely.":[14],"In":[15,40],"this":[16,142],"direction,":[17],"we":[18,128,144,163],"report":[19],"energy":[20,23],"efficiency":[21],"(EE),":[22],"harvesting":[24],"(EH),":[25],"secure":[27],"performance":[28],"by":[29,58],"employing":[30],"power-collecting":[31],"metasurface-coated":[32,84],"devices":[33,85],"capable":[34],"supporting":[36],"ultralow-power":[37],"(ULP)":[38],"transmissions.":[39],"contrast":[41],"to":[42,94,158],"what":[43],"are":[44,184],"calledreconfigurable":[45],"intelligent":[46],"surfaces(RISs),":[47],"where":[48],"reflected":[50],"signal":[51,95],"can":[52,70,86],"be":[53,71],"combined":[54,97],"at":[55,73,80,103],"receiver":[57,78],"being":[59],"treated":[60],"as":[61],"transmitted":[62],"from":[63,110],"a":[64,130],"relay,":[65],"proposed":[67,155],"metasurface":[68,138],"claddings":[69],"deployed":[72],"either":[74],"transmitter":[76],"or":[77,79],"both.":[81],"passive":[83],"achieve":[87],"ultrahigh":[88],"EE":[89],"EH":[91],"in":[92,176],"addition":[93],"detection,":[96],"an":[99],"enhanced":[100],"secrecy":[101],"rate":[102],"legitimate":[105],"user":[106],"or,":[107],"if":[108],"used":[109],"other":[112],"side":[113],"link,":[116],"spying":[117],"capabilities":[118],"eavesdroppers":[120],"under":[121],"ULP":[122],"transmission.":[123],"To":[124],"quantify":[125],"their":[126],"efficiency,":[127],"provide":[129],"holistic":[131],"model":[132],"for":[133],"utilization":[135],"shells.":[139],"Building":[140],"upon":[141],"model,":[143],"present":[145],"preliminary":[146],"results":[147],"that":[148],"reveal":[149],"unprecedented":[151],"superiority":[152],"concept":[156,171],"compared":[157],"RIS":[160],"paradigm.":[161],"Additionally,":[162],"enumerate":[164],"main":[166],"advantages":[167],"new":[170],"define":[173],"its":[174],"role":[175],"era.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"possible":[181],"research":[182],"directions":[183],"discussed.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2022-07-26T00:00:00"}