{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7081993205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2025.3583233","title":"What\u2019s It Like to Trust an LLM: The Devolution of Trust Psychology?","display_name":"What\u2019s It Like to Trust an LLM: The Devolution of Trust Psychology?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7081993205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2025.3583233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2025.3583233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2025.3583233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3583233","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simon T. Powers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-808X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon T. Powers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-808X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Neil Urquhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Urquhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-5479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chloe M. Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-1773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chloe M. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-1773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Theodor Cimpeanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodor Cimpeanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-0368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anik\u00f3 Ek\u00e1rt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-5397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anik\u00f3 Ek\u00e1rt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-5397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"The Anh Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-7714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","display_name":"Teesside University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28gk75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"The Anh Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teesside University, Middleborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-7714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teesside University, Middleborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jeremy Pitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Pitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-8904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Guckert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-3295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45155027","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen","ror":"https://ror.org/02qdc9985","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45155027"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Guckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen–University of Applied Sciences, Gießen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-3295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen–University of Applied Sciences, Gießen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45155027"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9525656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"30","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deskilling","display_name":"Deskilling","score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3628999888896942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779944411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264558","display_name":"Deskilling","level":3,"score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190542761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904637","display_name":"Devolution (biology)","level":3,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777825026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410431","display_name":"Public trust","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2025.3583233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2025.3583233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/oai:openaire_cris_publications/35a6cb73-bd47-41ed-8a70-894a6f8a9024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/35a6cb73-bd47-41ed-8a70-894a6f8a9024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401198","display_name":"TeesRep (Teesside University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","host_organization_name":"Teesside University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Powers, S T, Urquhart, N, Barnes, C M, Cimpeanu, T, Ek\u00e1rt, A, Han, T A, Pitt, J & Guckert, M 2025, 'What\u2019s It Like to Trust an LLM : The Devolution of Trust Psychology?', IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2025.3583233","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:48439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/624840e23c3e3c9a92e0897fddc0c3b9.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:4573470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3583233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:4573470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3583233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036664156","https://openalex.org/W2062472083","https://openalex.org/W2624883340","https://openalex.org/W3215405033","https://openalex.org/W4248343814","https://openalex.org/W4389639978","https://openalex.org/W4391020701"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"advent":[1],"of":[2,43,82,113,123,144,150,162,167],"large":[3],"language":[4],"models":[5],"(LLMs),":[6],"their":[7,11],"sudden":[8],"popularity,":[9],"and":[10,36,72,118,130,137,165,171],"extensive":[12],"use":[13,81],"by":[14,51],"an":[15],"unprepared":[16],"and,":[17],"therefore,":[18],"unskilled":[19],"public":[20],"raises":[21],"profound":[22],"questions":[23],"about":[24,66],"the":[25,34,41,52,67,76,80,88,110,120,124,148,151,155,163],"societal":[26],"consequences":[27,78],"that":[28,79],"this":[29,107],"might":[30],"have":[31,86,101],"on":[32,87],"both":[33],"individual":[35],"collective":[37],"levels.":[38],"In":[39],"particular,":[40],"benefits":[42],"a":[44,114,141,158],"marginal":[45],"increase":[46,147],"in":[47,95],"productivity":[48],"are":[49],"offset":[50],"potential":[53,121],"for":[54,157],"widespread":[55],"cognitive":[56],"deskilling":[57],"or":[58],"nonskilling.":[59],"While":[60],"there":[61],"has":[62],"been":[63,103],"much":[64],"discussion":[65],"trust":[68,93,116,132],"relationship":[69],"between":[70],"humans":[71],"generative":[73,83],"AI":[74,84],"technologies,":[75],"long-term":[77],"can":[85],"human":[89,125],"capability":[90],"to":[91,127,146,174],"make":[92,128],"decisions":[94],"other":[96],"contexts,":[97],"including":[98],"interpersonal":[99],"relations,":[100],"not":[102],"considered.":[104],"We":[105],"analyze":[106],"development":[108],"using":[109],"functionalist":[111],"lens":[112],"general":[115],"model":[117],"deconstruct":[119],"loss":[122],"ability":[126],"informed":[129],"reasoned":[131],"decisions.":[133],"From":[134],"our":[135],"observations":[136],"conclusions,":[138],"we":[139],"derive":[140],"first":[142],"set":[143],"recommendations":[145],"awareness":[149],"underlying":[152],"threats,":[153],"laying":[154],"foundation":[156],"more":[159],"substantive":[160],"analysis":[161],"opportunities":[164],"threats":[166],"delegating":[168],"educative,":[169],"cognitive,":[170],"knowledge-centric":[172],"tasks":[173],"unrestricted":[175],"automation.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}