{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088694585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2020.3012324","title":"On the Social Implications of Collective Adaptive Systems","display_name":"On the Social Implications of Collective Adaptive Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088694585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2020.3012324","mag":"3088694585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2020.3012324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2020.3012324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/776693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033797206","display_name":"Antonio Bucchiarone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-1382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Bucchiarone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-1382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025431822","display_name":"Mirko D\u2019Angelo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223464139","display_name":"Linnaeus University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9qag85","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223464139"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko D'Angelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linnaeus University, Vaxjo, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linnaeus University, Vaxjo, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223464139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059198182","display_name":"Danilo Pianini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-5409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Pianini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074734549","display_name":"Giacomo Cabri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-2453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Cabri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046715167","display_name":"Martina De Sanctis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-660X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina De Sanctis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-660X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014225579","display_name":"Mirko Viroli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-5702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Viroli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076032146","display_name":"Roberto Casadei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-949X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150763","display_name":"Gran Sasso Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/043qcb444","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Casadei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gran Sasso Science Institute \u2013 GSSI, L\u2019Aquila, Italy","Gran Sasso Science Institute \u2013 GSSI, L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute \u2013 GSSI, L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute \u2013 GSSI, L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079591803","display_name":"Simon Dobson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102298084","display_name":"Andrews University","ror":"https://ror.org/04aaa2n62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102298084"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Dobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326","https://openalex.org/I102298084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033797206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81159817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"36","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.628171980381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6207235455513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.568697452545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5273486375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-adaptive-system","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","score":0.5033718943595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitous-computing","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","score":0.4310225546360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.4273953139781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-system","display_name":"Adaptive system","score":0.4183701276779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4129157066345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.35976868867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3332196772098541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29146572947502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24289682507514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19541814923286438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.628171980381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6207235455513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.568697452545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5273486375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.5033718943595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.4310225546360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.4273953139781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.4183701276779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4129157066345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.35976868867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3332196772098541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29146572947502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24289682507514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19541814923286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2020.3012324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2020.3012324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/21051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10023/21051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400230","display_name":"St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","host_organization_name":"University of St Andrews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/776693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/776693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1212368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1212368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/343060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9204473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/776693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/776693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53394959","https://openalex.org/W103990227","https://openalex.org/W125598877","https://openalex.org/W172485095","https://openalex.org/W180119731","https://openalex.org/W184979160","https://openalex.org/W255561088","https://openalex.org/W1177360271","https://openalex.org/W1237320485","https://openalex.org/W1538518666","https://openalex.org/W1541664727","https://openalex.org/W1545687760","https://openalex.org/W1558404680","https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W1577962188","https://openalex.org/W1620388779","https://openalex.org/W1801319046","https://openalex.org/W1829930258","https://openalex.org/W1954099176","https://openalex.org/W1965895579","https://openalex.org/W1974060492","https://openalex.org/W1982321541","https://openalex.org/W1990911977","https://openalex.org/W1992604651","https://openalex.org/W2008602255","https://openalex.org/W2012845918","https://openalex.org/W2018538061","https://openalex.org/W2038039249","https://openalex.org/W2045116911","https://openalex.org/W2122880021","https://openalex.org/W2124241059","https://openalex.org/W2128026023","https://openalex.org/W2132894184","https://openalex.org/W2133224707","https://openalex.org/W2142100432","https://openalex.org/W2142486130","https://openalex.org/W2145304606","https://openalex.org/W2145790759","https://openalex.org/W2155216551","https://openalex.org/W2263512887","https://openalex.org/W2268920833","https://openalex.org/W2282520291","https://openalex.org/W2315785856","https://openalex.org/W2408508764","https://openalex.org/W2460389227","https://openalex.org/W2497009931","https://openalex.org/W2498481083","https://openalex.org/W2502035552","https://openalex.org/W2515724774","https://openalex.org/W2538961105","https://openalex.org/W2550754149","https://openalex.org/W2553849409","https://openalex.org/W2558661395","https://openalex.org/W2580149585","https://openalex.org/W2591908838","https://openalex.org/W2611025044","https://openalex.org/W2620910449","https://openalex.org/W2749983655","https://openalex.org/W2755175925","https://openalex.org/W2760361646","https://openalex.org/W2760694749","https://openalex.org/W2766235883","https://openalex.org/W2773835648","https://openalex.org/W2790861688","https://openalex.org/W2801467444","https://openalex.org/W2809086797","https://openalex.org/W2885579625","https://openalex.org/W2898910479","https://openalex.org/W2907504664","https://openalex.org/W2908544680","https://openalex.org/W2945543503","https://openalex.org/W2962760239","https://openalex.org/W2968840066","https://openalex.org/W2971079337","https://openalex.org/W2981234900","https://openalex.org/W3007378192","https://openalex.org/W3098797556","https://openalex.org/W4230225471","https://openalex.org/W4231254480","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6695701809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563249156","https://openalex.org/W3121312937","https://openalex.org/W2093510820","https://openalex.org/W2126666581","https://openalex.org/W2081252037","https://openalex.org/W149578462","https://openalex.org/W3044978537","https://openalex.org/W2050728841","https://openalex.org/W200523079","https://openalex.org/W2971863199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"Collect":[1],"ive":[2],"Adaptive":[3],"Systems":[4],"(CASs)":[5],"exist":[6],"in":[7,87,112,124,152],"nature:":[8],"think":[9],"of":[10,16,49,80,104,121,174],"ant":[11],"colonies,":[12],"where":[13,78],"large":[14],"collectives":[15,79],"ants":[17,24],"operate":[18],"autonomously":[19],"but":[20],"interact":[21],"with":[22],"other":[23],"and":[25,45,52,67,82,90,106,118,130,176,196],"the":[26,47,64,88,122,125,136,171],"environment":[27],"to":[28,60,75,94,97,135,146],"provide":[29],"resilient":[30],"global":[31],"behaviors":[32,129],"that":[33,40,127,144,159,183],"sustain":[34],"their":[35],"colony.":[36],"Following":[37],"scientific":[38],"studies":[39],"were":[41],"aimed":[42],"at":[43],"understanding":[44],"predicting":[46],"evolution":[48],"these":[50],"systems,":[51],"fueled":[53],"by":[54,149],"technological":[55],"advances,":[56],"research":[57,179,191,193,197],"has":[58,140],"started":[59],"investigate":[61],"CAS":[62,150,167],"engineering:":[63],"methods,":[65],"tools,":[66],"techniques":[68],"for":[69,189],"building":[70],"CASs.":[71],"This":[72,139],"naturally":[73],"leads":[74],"a":[76,157,186],"vision":[77],"humans":[81],"computational":[83],"elements,":[84],"situated":[85],"both":[86,115],"digital":[89],"physical":[91],"worlds,":[92],"collaborate":[93],"give":[95],"rise":[96],"\"intelligent\"":[98],"collective":[99],"behavior":[100],"supporting":[101],"novel":[102],"kinds":[103],"applications":[105],"services.":[107],"Humans":[108],"can":[109],"be":[110,147],"involved":[111],"two":[113],"ways:":[114],"as":[116,119],"users":[117],"components":[120],"CAS,":[123],"sense":[126],"human":[128],"limitations":[131],"are":[132],"often":[133],"integral":[134],"system":[137],"description.":[138],"significant":[141],"social":[142,172],"implications":[143],"need":[145],"considered":[148],"researchers:":[151],"this":[153,184],"paper,":[154],"we":[155],"share":[156],"discussion":[158],"took":[160],"place":[161],"between":[162],"some":[163],"experts":[164],"thinking":[165],"about":[166],"engineering,":[168],"focusing":[169],"on":[170],"implication":[173],"CASs":[175],"related":[177],"open":[178],"challenges.":[180],"We":[181],"hope":[182],"provides":[185],"useful":[187],"context":[188],"future":[190],"projects,":[192],"grant":[194],"proposals,":[195],"directions.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2020-10-01T00:00:00"}