{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943192611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2019.2930273","title":"Caveat Emptor: The Risks of Using Big Data for Human Development","display_name":"Caveat Emptor: The Risks of Using Big Data for Human Development","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943192611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2019.2930273","mag":"2943192611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2019.2930273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2019.2930273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00493","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047197696","display_name":"Siddique Latif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5662-4777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddique Latif","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, The Netherlands","University of Groningen, the Netherlands,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, the Netherlands,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024012801","display_name":"Adnan Qayyum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-7601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Qayyum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086703267","display_name":"Muhammad Usama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-8605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037574053","display_name":"Junaid Qadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-2475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Qadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054888597","display_name":"Andrej Zwitter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-141X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrej Zwitter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, The Netherlands","University of Groningen, the Netherlands,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, the Netherlands,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113898328","display_name":"Muhammad Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan","National University of Sciences & Technology,  Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences & Technology,  Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8131,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86156937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"3","first_page":"82","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9402999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.817346453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.7443346977233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6442027688026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caveat-emptor","display_name":"Caveat emptor","score":0.5665120482444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5165440440177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.49991393089294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.4369293749332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4317428171634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-health","display_name":"Human health","score":0.41575849056243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-enhancement","display_name":"Human enhancement","score":0.41012445092201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.27683258056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18512460589408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14535769820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.09713298082351685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.817346453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7443346977233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6442027688026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128658323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46119","display_name":"Caveat emptor","level":2,"score":0.5665120482444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5165440440177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49991393089294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4369293749332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4317428171634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.41575849056243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779706800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495354","display_name":"Human enhancement","level":2,"score":0.41012445092201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27683258056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18512460589408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14535769820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09713298082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2019.2930273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2019.2930273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.00493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00493","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/1909d4d5-1845-4afc-8080-8544bf21c65a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1909d4d5-1845-4afc-8080-8544bf21c65a","pdf_url":"https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/97973736/08828019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Latif, S, Qayyum, A, Usama, M, Qadir, J, Zwitter, A & Shahzad, M 2019, 'Caveat Emptor : The Risks of Using Big Data for Human Development', Ieee technology and society magazine, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2019.2930273","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/1909d4d5-1845-4afc-8080-8544bf21c65a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/1909d4d5-1845-4afc-8080-8544bf21c65a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Latif, S, Qayyum, A, Usama, M, Qadir, J, Zwitter, A & Shahzad, M 2019, 'Caveat Emptor : The Risks of Using Big Data for Human Development', Ieee technology and society magazine, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2019.2930273","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.00493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.00493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:2943192611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.00493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00493","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320933","display_name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324282","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45130195","https://openalex.org/W64269816","https://openalex.org/W179368776","https://openalex.org/W320587423","https://openalex.org/W1468153727","https://openalex.org/W1488107040","https://openalex.org/W1489423786","https://openalex.org/W1500693574","https://openalex.org/W1595698486","https://openalex.org/W1783432542","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1920344448","https://openalex.org/W1978291048","https://openalex.org/W2013511833","https://openalex.org/W2068181924","https://openalex.org/W2099817335","https://openalex.org/W2100483895","https://openalex.org/W2112031167","https://openalex.org/W2112257737","https://openalex.org/W2115240023","https://openalex.org/W2117239687","https://openalex.org/W2135606128","https://openalex.org/W2149140091","https://openalex.org/W2163517848","https://openalex.org/W2166445532","https://openalex.org/W2168345670","https://openalex.org/W2275533672","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2284390251","https://openalex.org/W2339803053","https://openalex.org/W2487200295","https://openalex.org/W2560467865","https://openalex.org/W2573660794","https://openalex.org/W2582274003","https://openalex.org/W2598702997","https://openalex.org/W2618522610","https://openalex.org/W2807015674","https://openalex.org/W2885659818","https://openalex.org/W2898440516","https://openalex.org/W2903571680","https://openalex.org/W2904767181","https://openalex.org/W2951329329","https://openalex.org/W2952588677","https://openalex.org/W3042449702","https://openalex.org/W3126019886","https://openalex.org/W3131117082","https://openalex.org/W3154739585","https://openalex.org/W4229482483","https://openalex.org/W4255405844","https://openalex.org/W6601793687","https://openalex.org/W6602586656","https://openalex.org/W6607310331","https://openalex.org/W6729888224","https://openalex.org/W6735323700","https://openalex.org/W6752345201","https://openalex.org/W6790655475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973140415","https://openalex.org/W2924255725","https://openalex.org/W2808306801","https://openalex.org/W2158327591","https://openalex.org/W3023869324","https://openalex.org/W2955282493","https://openalex.org/W2283591136","https://openalex.org/W1996609867","https://openalex.org/W3168569726","https://openalex.org/W89455779","https://openalex.org/W2730825165","https://openalex.org/W1516452986","https://openalex.org/W2186326459","https://openalex.org/W2101563345","https://openalex.org/W2804514557","https://openalex.org/W1561006170","https://openalex.org/W3041204984","https://openalex.org/W2407058413","https://openalex.org/W1681496767","https://openalex.org/W2953621692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"Big":[0],"Data\"":[1],"has":[2],"the":[3,30,43,66,76,83,102,116],"potential":[4,44,117],"to":[5,55,85],"facilitate":[6],"sustainable":[7],"development":[8],"in":[9,20],"many":[10],"sectors":[11],"of":[12,33,46,78,98,108],"life":[13],"such":[14,40],"as":[15,41],"education,":[16],"health,":[17],"agriculture,":[18],"and":[19,24,61,64,69,94],"combating":[21],"humanitarian":[22],"crises":[23],"violent":[25],"conflicts.":[26],"However,":[27],"lurking":[28],"beneath":[29],"immense":[31],"promises":[32],"Big":[34,47,122],"Data":[35,48],"are":[36],"some":[37],"significant":[38],"risks":[39,89,100],"1)":[42],"use":[45],"for":[49,125],"unethical":[50],"ends;":[51],"2)":[52],"its":[53],"ability":[54],"mislead":[56],"through":[57],"reliance":[58],"on":[59],"unrepresentative":[60],"biased":[62],"data;":[63],"3)":[65],"various":[67],"privacy":[68],"security":[70],"challenges":[71],"associated":[72,119],"with":[73,82,120],"data":[74,84],"(including":[75],"danger":[77],"an":[79],"adversary":[80],"tampering":[81],"harm":[86],"people).":[87],"These":[88],"can":[90],"have":[91],"severe":[92],"consequences":[93],"a":[95],"better":[96],"understanding":[97],"these":[99,109],"is":[101],"first":[103],"step":[104],"towards":[105],"their":[106],"mitigation":[107],"risks.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"article,":[113],"we":[114],"highlight":[115],"dangers":[118],"using":[121],"Data,":[123],"particularly":[124],"human":[126],"development.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}