{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904339723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","title":"Odorveillance and the Ethics of Robotic Olfaction [Opinion]","display_name":"Odorveillance and the Ethics of Robotic Olfaction [Opinion]","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904339723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","mag":"2904339723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/44/8558723/08558770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/44/8558723/08558770.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103044553","display_name":"Emily Stark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-9165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily Stark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Perception and Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL","IEEE TEchnology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Perception and Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEEE TEchnology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068240751","display_name":"Jeremy Pitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Pitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent and Self Organizing Systems, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, U.K","IEEE TEchnology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent and Self Organizing Systems, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEEE TEchnology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050345480","display_name":"Alfian Wicaksono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-1678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfian Nur Wicaksono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Networks Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, U.K","IEEE TEchnology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Intelligent Systems and Networks Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEEE TEchnology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078371534","display_name":"Kristina Milanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8918-9748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Milanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","IEEE TEchnology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEEE TEchnology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009795166","display_name":"Victoria Lush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-9608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Lush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K","IEEE TEchnology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEEE TEchnology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036400651","display_name":"Stephen Hoover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-4577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Hoover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Perception and Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL","IEEE TEchnology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Perception and Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEEE TEchnology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103044553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960","https://openalex.org/I63772739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12434631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"16","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfaction","display_name":"Olfaction","score":0.9055370688438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sniffing","display_name":"Sniffing","score":0.7181233763694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.411722868680954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38891446590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3367912471294403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.28735342621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.24148660898208618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163214680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541064","display_name":"Olfaction","level":2,"score":0.9055370688438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131722271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7547759","display_name":"Sniffing","level":2,"score":0.7181233763694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.411722868680954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38891446590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3367912471294403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28735342621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.24148660898208618}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/44/8558723/08558770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:121840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/121840/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mts.2018.2876103","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/44/8558723/08558770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904339723.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904339723.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51443183","https://openalex.org/W1997082874","https://openalex.org/W2018881137","https://openalex.org/W2069816926","https://openalex.org/W2148987355","https://openalex.org/W2169601831","https://openalex.org/W2608844040","https://openalex.org/W2760588767","https://openalex.org/W2767135584","https://openalex.org/W2767951592","https://openalex.org/W6682225516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2062298518","https://openalex.org/W2471789880","https://openalex.org/W2324371505","https://openalex.org/W2735934564","https://openalex.org/W3161029616","https://openalex.org/W2467033165","https://openalex.org/W4283272778","https://openalex.org/W4252925186","https://openalex.org/W4213437875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Of":[0],"the":[1,29,122,129,146,151,158,169],"five":[2],"\u201ctraditional\u201d":[3],"exteroceptive":[4],"senses":[5],"\u2014":[6,18],"sight":[7],"(vision),":[8],"hearing":[9],"(audition),":[10],"taste":[11],"(gustation),":[12],"touch":[13],"(somatosensation),":[14],"and":[15,32,100,143],"smell":[16,66],"(olfaction)":[17],"olfaction":[19],"has":[20],"one":[21],"of":[22,37,65,73],"lowest":[23],"\u201cdata":[24],"rates,\u201d":[25],"but":[26],"is":[27,54,133,153,166],"(arguably)":[28],"least":[30,33],"understood":[31],"welldeveloped":[34],"in":[35,56,98,121,157],"terms":[36],"automation.":[38],"Robotic":[39],"vision":[40],"would":[41],"seem":[42],"to":[43,58,76,103,118,135,144],"be":[44],"much":[45],"further":[46],"advanced":[47],"than":[48,86],"robotic":[49],"olfaction.":[50],"Additionally,":[51],"this":[52,89],"comparison":[53],"just":[55],"relation":[57],"human":[59,68,130],"olfactory":[60,84],"performance.":[61],"A":[62],"dog\u2019s":[63],"sense":[64],"overpowers":[67],"capability":[69],"by":[70,168,175],"a":[71,125,155],"factor":[72],"10":[74],"000":[75,78],"100":[77],"(dogs":[79],"having":[80],"50":[81],"times":[82],"more":[83],"sensors":[85],"humans).":[87],"For":[88],"reason,":[90],"detection":[91],"(or":[92],"\u201csniffer\u201d)":[93],"dogs":[94],"are":[95,116,172],"extensively":[96],"used":[97],"search":[99,104],"rescue,":[101],"or":[102,138,185],"for":[105,124],"illicit":[106],"substances,":[107],"while":[108],"healthcare":[109],"applications":[110],"include":[111],"Diabetes":[112],"Assist":[113],"Dogs":[114],"which":[115],"trained":[117],"monitor":[119],"smells":[120],"air":[123],"specific":[126],"scent":[127],"on":[128],"breath":[131],"that":[132,171],"related":[134],"rapidly":[136],"dropping":[137],"low":[139],"blood":[140],"sugar":[141],"levels,":[142],"\u201calert\u201d":[145],"person":[147],"with":[148],"diabetes.":[149],"Critically,":[150],"dog":[152],"detecting":[154],"change":[156],"volatile":[159],"organic":[160],"compound":[161],"(VOC)":[162],"information.":[163],"This":[164],"information":[165],"carried":[167],"chemicals":[170],"naturally":[173],"emitted":[174],"all":[176],"humans":[177],"through":[178],"exhalation,":[179],"cutaneous":[180],"respiration":[181],"(skin":[182],"gas":[183],"exchange),":[184],"perspiration.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
