{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156439668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mtas.2003.1166562","title":"Environmental \"nasty surprise\" as a window on precautionary thinking","display_name":"Environmental \"nasty surprise\" as a window on precautionary thinking","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156439668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mtas.2003.1166562","mag":"2156439668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mtas.2003.1166562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mtas.2003.1166562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039896535","display_name":"John Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science and Technology Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science and Technology Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039896535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87372459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"19","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13180","display_name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":0.9246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.831807017326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.575335681438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5210787057876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-of-opportunity","display_name":"Window of opportunity","score":0.497193843126297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precautionary-principle","display_name":"Precautionary principle","score":0.43782445788383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.41909876465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.40586745738983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.36780035495758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"Political economy","score":0.33140814304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.25622034072875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2361721694469452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2157963514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2118055522441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19094610214233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.13659816980361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.12327057123184204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.831807017326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.575335681438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5210787057876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23900955","display_name":"Window of opportunity","level":2,"score":0.497193843126297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21016645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515255","display_name":"Precautionary principle","level":2,"score":0.43782445788383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.41909876465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40586745738983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36780035495758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.33140814304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25622034072875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2361721694469452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2157963514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2118055522441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19094610214233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13659816980361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12327057123184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mtas.2003.1166562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mtas.2003.1166562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101091692","display_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","issn_l":"0278-0097","issn":["0278-0097","1937-416X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79517941","https://openalex.org/W1510067841","https://openalex.org/W1607722058","https://openalex.org/W1984379753","https://openalex.org/W2060950266","https://openalex.org/W2086190502","https://openalex.org/W2098324508","https://openalex.org/W2100552594","https://openalex.org/W2124167315","https://openalex.org/W2587088249","https://openalex.org/W4233464523","https://openalex.org/W4244866218","https://openalex.org/W4251166147","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4319589014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236382845","https://openalex.org/W4388712630","https://openalex.org/W2481168998","https://openalex.org/W2476994687","https://openalex.org/W642988558","https://openalex.org/W2324507472","https://openalex.org/W1999899047","https://openalex.org/W2173353921","https://openalex.org/W2810824260","https://openalex.org/W4385750187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"All":[0],"environmental":[1,154],"problems":[2,27,73,137],"are":[3,43,51,74,113],"nasty":[4,114],"surprises.":[5],"Each":[6],"runs":[7],"counter":[8],"to":[9,67,79],"Western":[10],"society's":[11],"expectation":[12],"of":[13,18,82,133],"endless":[14],"progress":[15],"through":[16],"mastery":[17],"nature.":[19],"But":[20],"the":[21,35,39,48,83,142,146,153],"term":[22],"seems":[23],"especially":[24],"appropriate":[25],"for":[26],"that:":[28],"catch":[29],"most":[30],"scientists,":[31],"technologists,":[32],"regulatory":[33],"officials,":[34],"mass":[36],"media,":[37],"and":[38,102,109,121,128,149],"general":[40],"public":[41,110],"off-guard;":[42],"already":[44],"quite":[45],"extensive":[46],"by":[47],"time":[49],"they":[50,77,116],"recognized;":[52],"stem":[53],"from":[54],"deeply":[55],"entrenched":[56],"technological":[57],"processes":[58],"or":[59,69,99],"practices;":[60],"present":[61],"a":[62,138],"potentially":[63,118],"large-scale,":[64],"long-term":[65],"threat":[66],"human":[68],"ecological":[70],"health.":[71],"Such":[72],"surprises":[75],"because":[76,115],"seem":[78],"drop":[80],"out":[81],"blue":[84],"-":[85,101],"even":[86],"if":[87],"it":[88],"is":[89],"soon":[90],"clear":[91],"that":[92],"warning":[93],"signs":[94],"were":[95],"long":[96],"missed,":[97],"ignored,":[98],"misinterpreted":[100],"reveal":[103],"major":[104],"errors":[105],"in":[106,152],"scientific":[107],"thinking":[108],"policy.":[111],"They":[112],"represent":[117],"enormous":[119],"hazards":[120],"addressing":[122],"them":[123],"entails":[124],"substantial":[125],"technological,":[126],"economic,":[127],"political":[129],"challenges.":[130],"This":[131],"combination":[132],"characteristics":[134],"makes":[135],"these":[136],"useful":[139],"window":[140],"into":[141],"ongoing":[143],"controversy":[144],"over":[145],"precautionary":[147],"principle":[148],"its":[150],"place":[151],"policy":[155],"landscape.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
