{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416184065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223594","title":"Paving the Road for Automated Buses in Public Transit: Technologies and Challenges","display_name":"Paving the Road for Automated Buses in Public Transit: Technologies and Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416184065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223594"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004464084","display_name":"Y. de Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-4101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuna Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059848615","display_name":"Daniel Baumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4270-3713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Baumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120747135","display_name":"Nikola Lukezic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Lukezic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108797349","display_name":"Daniel Grimm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Grimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025481861","display_name":"Luca Seidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7263-3240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Seidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120446227","display_name":"Vitus L\u00fcntzel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitus L\u00fcntzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042280077","display_name":"David Kraus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kraus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080457302","display_name":"Eric Sax","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Sax","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3199768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.39309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.39309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.21140000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.09269999712705612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7616000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.3783999979496002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7616000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007509686","https://openalex.org/W2011497607","https://openalex.org/W2246854142","https://openalex.org/W3104390099","https://openalex.org/W3108836571","https://openalex.org/W3153884424","https://openalex.org/W3211107788","https://openalex.org/W4210534322","https://openalex.org/W4220671089","https://openalex.org/W4308068364","https://openalex.org/W4310554735","https://openalex.org/W4321021928","https://openalex.org/W4366818462","https://openalex.org/W4376624682","https://openalex.org/W4389255405","https://openalex.org/W4399759016","https://openalex.org/W4400647138","https://openalex.org/W4401050106"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,38],"examines":[2],"the":[3,72,78,94],"integration":[4],"of":[5,42,74,81],"Connected,":[6],"Cooperative,":[7],"and":[8,29,45,67,92],"Automated":[9],"Mobility":[10],"(CCAM)":[11],"in":[12,35],"public":[13,101],"transportation,":[14],"focusing":[15],"on":[16],"automated":[17,95],"buses.":[18],"It":[19],"identifies":[20],"key":[21],"challenges":[22],"such":[23,85],"as":[24,50,52,86,97,99],"legislative":[25],"frameworks,":[26],"human":[27],"factors,":[28],"infrastructural":[30],"conditions":[31],"that":[32,70],"impede":[33],"deployment":[34],"Europe.":[36],"The":[37],"proposes":[39],"a":[40],"combination":[41],"standardized":[43],"processes":[44],"interfaces,":[46],"scalable":[47],"software":[48],"architecture":[49],"well":[51,98],"V2X":[53],"communication":[54],"to":[55,90],"address":[56],"these":[57,75],"issues.":[58],"In":[59],"addition,":[60],"it":[61],"discusses":[62],"projects":[63],"like":[64],"MINGA,":[65],"OTRACE,":[66],"Country2City-Bridge":[68],"(C2CBridge)":[69],"exemplify":[71],"application":[73],"technologies.":[76],"Lastly,":[77],"gradual":[79],"introduction":[80],"autonomous":[82],"transport":[83],"technologies,":[84],"platooning,":[87],"is":[88],"recommended":[89],"evaluate":[91],"test":[93],"capabilities":[96],"build":[100],"confidence":[102],"before":[103],"full":[104],"automation.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}
