{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416183822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223528","title":"Two-Echelon Van-Robot Routing Problem with Modular Parcels in Physical Internet Paradigm","display_name":"Two-Echelon Van-Robot Routing Problem with Modular Parcels in Physical Internet Paradigm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416183822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223528"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223528","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080764130","display_name":"Alireza Shahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5317-3912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118768","display_name":"Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk9nj07","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Shahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Hamed Mahdavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118768","display_name":"Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk9nj07","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hamed Mahdavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011029089","display_name":"Angela Di Febbraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-1922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118768","display_name":"Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk9nj07","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Di Febbraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016835749","display_name":"Nicola Sacco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118768","display_name":"Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk9nj07","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Sacco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Genoa,Italian Centre of Excellence on Logistics, Transport and Infrastructures (CIELI),Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering (DIME),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118768"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.7914000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.7914000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.04969999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.038600001484155655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transshipment","display_name":"Transshipment (information security)","score":0.6704000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4521999955177307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776234997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17134191","display_name":"Transshipment (information security)","level":2,"score":0.6704000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5837000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777386808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254078","display_name":"Delivery Performance","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mt-its68460.2025.11223528","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019556957","https://openalex.org/W3038093615","https://openalex.org/W3049753201","https://openalex.org/W3094829959","https://openalex.org/W3130612522","https://openalex.org/W3135084312","https://openalex.org/W3146622478","https://openalex.org/W3169762045","https://openalex.org/W3201480814","https://openalex.org/W4213318779","https://openalex.org/W4220894234","https://openalex.org/W4391793303","https://openalex.org/W4392987372","https://openalex.org/W4410061119"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,134],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3],"efficient":[4],"and":[5,76,102,114,129,146,152,171,178],"sustainable":[6],"last-mile":[7],"delivery":[8,16,20,78,142,159],"has":[9],"led":[10],"to":[11,25,40,70],"the":[12,50,65,85,93,105,111,120,123,137,147,150,165,169],"rise":[13],"of":[14,87,139,168],"advanced":[15],"systems,":[17],"where":[18],"autonomous":[19],"robots":[21,103],"work":[22],"alongside":[23],"vans":[24,101],"enhance":[26],"logistics":[27,63],"efficiency.":[28],"However,":[29],"existing":[30],"models":[31],"follow":[32],"rigid":[33],"routing":[34],"structures,":[35],"which":[36],"makes":[37],"it":[38],"difficult":[39],"handle":[41],"parcels":[42],"split":[43],"into":[44],"multiple":[45],"modules.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"introduces":[49],"Two-Echelon":[51],"Vehicle":[52],"Routing":[53],"Problem":[54],"(2E-VRP),":[55],"a":[56,72,88],"novel":[57],"approach":[58],"that":[59,84],"considers":[60],"modular":[61,170],"parcel":[62,89,173],"within":[64],"Physical":[66],"Internet":[67],"(PI)":[68],"paradigm":[69],"create":[71],"fully":[73],"connected,":[74],"traceable,":[75],"reconfigurable":[77],"system.":[79],"proposed":[81],"model":[82,124],"ensures":[83],"components":[86],"are":[90],"consolidated":[91],"at":[92,104],"final":[94],"destination":[95],"while":[96],"dynamically":[97],"optimizing":[98],"transshipment":[99],"between":[100,149],"robots'":[106],"drop-off":[107],"points.":[108],"By":[109],"leveraging":[110],"enhanced":[112],"connectivity":[113],"real-time":[115],"data":[116],"sharing":[117],"offered":[118],"by":[119],"PI":[121],"framework,":[122],"optimizes":[125],"robot":[126],"capacity":[127],"utilization":[128],"significantly":[130],"reduces":[131],"sidewalk":[132],"congestion.":[133],"system":[135],"minimizes":[136],"number":[138],"active":[140],"vehicles,":[141],"times,":[143],"energy":[144],"consumption,":[145],"gap":[148],"first":[151],"last":[153],"modules":[154],"deliveries,":[155],"thus":[156],"improving":[157],"overall":[158],"precision.":[160],"Furthermore,":[161],"computational":[162],"experiments":[163],"comparing":[164],"cost":[166],"functions":[167],"unique":[172],"formulations":[174],"have":[175],"been":[176],"analyzed":[177],"discussed.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}
