{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404985197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2024.3472496","title":"The Truth Is Out There: Cognitive sensing and opportunistic navigation with unknown terrestrial and nonterrestrial signals","display_name":"The Truth Is Out There: Cognitive sensing and opportunistic navigation with unknown terrestrial and nonterrestrial signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404985197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2024.3472496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2024.3472496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2024.3472496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051240427","display_name":"Zaher M. Kassas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-6142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaher Zak M. Kassas","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-6142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072552993","display_name":"Mohammad Neinavaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8266-6249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Neinavaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8266-6249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042526779","display_name":"Joe Khalife","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-256X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Khalife","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-256X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063569912","display_name":"Shaghayegh Shahcheraghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaghayegh Shahcheraghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8169-2223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027845160","display_name":"Joe Saroufim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0834-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Saroufim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0834-7075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051240427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1966,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96923339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"5","first_page":"87","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6863833665847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5950058698654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5801165103912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33306586742401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.06516987085342407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6863833665847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5950058698654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5801165103912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33306586742401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.06516987085342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2024.3472496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2024.3472496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4928487477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2240512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5977477117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-19-1-2511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6636011534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-22-1-2115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6917870147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-22-1-0476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8469906275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-22-1-2242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531869541","https://openalex.org/W1986726082","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2107820823","https://openalex.org/W2168703653","https://openalex.org/W2472946096","https://openalex.org/W2538037923","https://openalex.org/W2738622394","https://openalex.org/W2770225726","https://openalex.org/W2793438435","https://openalex.org/W2906229647","https://openalex.org/W2921679472","https://openalex.org/W2972473258","https://openalex.org/W3089013019","https://openalex.org/W3097310422","https://openalex.org/W3119434194","https://openalex.org/W3134592264","https://openalex.org/W3206060486","https://openalex.org/W4210362625","https://openalex.org/W4210509939","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4226332576","https://openalex.org/W4229781983","https://openalex.org/W4230339939","https://openalex.org/W4285230309","https://openalex.org/W4293211460","https://openalex.org/W4312051219","https://openalex.org/W4313055888","https://openalex.org/W4313590834","https://openalex.org/W4316876964","https://openalex.org/W4364322497","https://openalex.org/W4366957376","https://openalex.org/W4380046298","https://openalex.org/W4385756444","https://openalex.org/W4387400765","https://openalex.org/W4387449425","https://openalex.org/W4390691205","https://openalex.org/W4396876110","https://openalex.org/W4400187937","https://openalex.org/W4400876847","https://openalex.org/W4403427403","https://openalex.org/W6875626381","https://openalex.org/W6877291285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"significant":[3],"interest":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6,21,37,105,182],"past":[7],"few":[8],"years":[9],"in":[10,36],"integrated":[11],"sensing":[12,84,141,173],"and":[13,30,60,65,85,119,125,142,151,155,163,168,171,174,189,196,202,206,212,222,227],"communication":[14,117],"(ISAC)":[15],"to":[16,187,218,231],"enable":[17],"applications,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20,96],"massive":[22],"Internet":[23],"of":[24,95,99,103,107,131,185],"Things,":[25],"highly":[26],"automated":[27],"transportation":[28],"systems,":[29],"military":[31],"surveillance.":[32],"Many":[33],"ISAC":[34,49,73,111],"studies":[35],"literature":[38],"considered":[39],"designing,":[40],"from":[41],"scratch,":[42],"next-generation":[43],"systems":[44],"that":[45,54,61],"are":[46,179],"endowed":[47],"with":[48,110,193],"capabilities.":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52,76],"argues":[53],"\u201cthe":[55],"truth":[56],"is":[57,129,216],"out":[58],"there\u201d":[59],"one":[62],"can":[63,92],"sense":[64],"exploit":[66],"unknown":[67,116],"signals,":[68,204],"whether":[69],"non-ISAC":[70],"\u201clegacy\u201d":[71],"or":[72],"devised.":[74],"The":[75],"presents":[77],"a":[78,228],"framework":[79],"termed":[80],"<italic":[81],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82,89],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">cognitive":[83],"opportunistic":[86],"navigation</i>":[87],"(<italic":[88],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">COSON</i>).":[90],"COSON":[91,113,128,186,215],"be":[93],"thought":[94],"an":[97],"instantiation":[98],"ISAC,":[100],"but,":[101],"instead":[102],"having":[104],"\u201cluxury\u201d":[106],"designing":[108],"signals":[109,118],"capabilities,":[112],"senses":[114],"arbitrary,":[115],"exploits":[120],"them":[121],"for":[122],"positioning,":[123],"navigation,":[124],"timing":[126],"purposes.":[127],"composed":[130],"four":[132],"stages:":[133],"1)":[134],"Blind":[135],"signal":[136,143,161],"acquisition,":[137],"which":[138],"comprises":[139],"spectrum":[140],"activity":[144],"detection,":[145],"blind":[146,156,160],"beacon":[147,164],"estimation,":[148,154],"initial":[149],"Doppler":[150,152],"rate":[153],"source":[157],"enumeration;":[158],"2)":[159],"tracking":[162],"refinement;":[165],"3)":[166],"interference":[167],"multipath":[169],"classification;":[170],"4)":[172],"navigation.":[175],"Extensive":[176],"experimental":[177],"results":[178],"presented,":[180],"demonstrating":[181],"broad":[183],"applicability":[184],"terrestrial":[188],"nonterrestrial":[190],"sources,":[191],"transmitting":[192],"various":[194],"modulation":[195],"multiple":[197],"access":[198],"schemes:":[199],"cellular":[200],"4G":[201],"5G":[203],"GPS,":[205],"low-Earth":[207],"orbit":[208],"satellite":[209,237],"(Starlink,":[210],"Orbcomm,":[211],"Iridium)":[213],"signals.":[214,239],"demonstrated":[217],"localize":[219],"stationary":[220],"antennas":[221],"navigate":[223],"unmanned":[224],"aerial":[225],"vehicles":[226],"ground":[229],"vehicle,":[230],"meter-level":[232],"accuracy,":[233],"without":[234],"global":[235],"navigation":[236],"system":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-12-04T00:00:00"}
