{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200560037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3120982","title":"More Real Than Real: A Study on Human Visual Perception of Synthetic Faces [Applications Corner]","display_name":"More Real Than Real: A Study on Human Visual Perception of Synthetic Faces [Applications Corner]","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200560037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3120982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3120982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3120982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033827892","display_name":"Federica Lago","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-7693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Lago","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087688702","display_name":"Cecilia Pasquini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-6983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Pasquini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029455813","display_name":"Rainer B\u00f6hme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-6227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Bohme","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008934337","display_name":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Dumont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6267-1241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helene Dumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031183692","display_name":"Val\u00e9rie Goffaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-7011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Goffaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028899632","display_name":"Giulia Boato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-9528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Boato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9519,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.951241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"109","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.685706377029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6714226007461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4887092113494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47278663516044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3951740860939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.321367472410202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1740856170654297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.685706377029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6714226007461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4887092113494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47278663516044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3951740860939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.321367472410202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1740856170654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3120982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3120982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.07226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:254800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/254800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401974","display_name":"DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"I E E E Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 39, no. 1, p. 109-116 (2022)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/327174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/327174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.07226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1485640935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30991544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","funder_display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4733649235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30991544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5301905839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HUMVISCAT-30991544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","funder_display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072587119","https://openalex.org/W2084235337","https://openalex.org/W2090483979","https://openalex.org/W2161434890","https://openalex.org/W2263285882","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2688893606","https://openalex.org/W2794857359","https://openalex.org/W2897938635","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963510321","https://openalex.org/W3034530968","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3038057717","https://openalex.org/W3165405144","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W6745560452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<italic":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Deep":[2],"fakes</i>":[3],"have":[4,44],"recently":[5],"become":[6],"popular.":[7],"The":[8],"term":[9],"refers":[10],"to":[11,72],"doctored":[12],"media":[13,49],"content":[14,62],"where":[15],"one\u2019s":[16],"face":[17,23,28],"is":[18,88],"swapped":[19],"with":[20],"someone":[21,26],"else\u2019s":[22,27],"or":[24,79],"performs":[25],"movements.":[29],"In":[30],"the":[31],"last":[32],"couple":[33],"of":[34,59],"years,":[35],"numerous":[36],"video":[37],"clips,":[38],"often":[39],"involving":[40],"celebrities":[41],"and":[42,77],"politicians,":[43],"gone":[45],"viral":[46],"on":[47],"social":[48],"platforms.":[50],"This":[51],"has":[52,75],"been":[53],"enabled":[54],"by":[55],"easy-to-use":[56],"apps":[57],"capable":[58],"processing":[60],"user-generated":[61],"in":[63],"real":[64],"time.":[65],"Although":[66],"early":[67],"deep":[68],"fakes":[69],"were":[70],"easy":[71],"spot,":[73],"technology":[74],"improved,":[76],"whether":[78],"not":[80],"they":[81],"can":[82],"fool":[83],"a":[84],"human\u2019s":[85],"visual":[86],"system":[87],"still":[89],"unknown.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}