{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211152704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106285","title":"Facial-Video-Based Physiological Signal Measurement: Recent advances and affective applications","display_name":"Facial-Video-Based Physiological Signal Measurement: Recent advances and affective applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211152704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106285","mag":"3211152704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3106285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062522283","display_name":"Zitong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-3304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zitong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101691493","display_name":"Xiaobai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-7823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082301986","display_name":"Guoying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96460284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"6","first_page":"50","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7337876558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6797428131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.601520836353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5940729975700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-computing","display_name":"Affective computing","score":0.5646518468856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.552707314491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.548234224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5114156603813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4750892221927643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.44450733065605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4276023507118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35139650106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.285952091217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.09269803762435913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7337876558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6797428131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.601520836353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5940729975700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.5646518468856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.552707314491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.548234224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5114156603813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4750892221927643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.44450733065605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4276023507118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35139650106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.285952091217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.09269803762435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3106285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2021120959958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2021120959958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2986852594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"316765","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4203521067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4608904720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"323287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W1985941926","https://openalex.org/W1986273245","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2122098299","https://openalex.org/W2313602734","https://openalex.org/W2345031027","https://openalex.org/W2472200183","https://openalex.org/W2735449402","https://openalex.org/W2766766681","https://openalex.org/W2793799979","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2805424946","https://openalex.org/W2867696556","https://openalex.org/W2899293823","https://openalex.org/W2963433879","https://openalex.org/W2963631961","https://openalex.org/W2982196965","https://openalex.org/W2986906199","https://openalex.org/W3012004216","https://openalex.org/W3015345339","https://openalex.org/W3017358282","https://openalex.org/W3021508980","https://openalex.org/W3033778765","https://openalex.org/W3038411673","https://openalex.org/W3103690655","https://openalex.org/W3108080438","https://openalex.org/W3110179947","https://openalex.org/W3120068059","https://openalex.org/W3124054989","https://openalex.org/W3127282219","https://openalex.org/W4288358601","https://openalex.org/W6767419198","https://openalex.org/W6778939222","https://openalex.org/W6781037488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362650935","https://openalex.org/W4398164220","https://openalex.org/W2904925713","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2773864994","https://openalex.org/W2964266095","https://openalex.org/W2798573901","https://openalex.org/W2775620487","https://openalex.org/W2978360381","https://openalex.org/W1997400788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"physiological":[1,69],"changes":[2,70],"[e.g.,":[3],"heart":[4],"rate":[5],"(HR),":[6],"respiration,":[7],"and":[8,23,35,83,114,122,133,151],"HR":[9],"variability":[10],"(HRV)]":[11],"is":[12],"important":[13],"for":[14,105],"measuring":[15],"human":[16],"emotions.":[17],"Physiological":[18],"responses":[19],"are":[20],"more":[21],"reliable":[22],"harder":[24],"to":[25,28,43],"alter":[26],"compared":[27],"explicit":[29],"behaviors":[30],"(such":[31],"as":[32],"facial":[33,62],"expressions":[34],"speech),":[36],"but":[37],"they":[38],"require":[39],"special":[40],"contact":[41],"sensors":[42],"obtain.":[44],"Research":[45],"in":[46],"the":[47,84,147],"last":[48],"decade":[49],"has":[50,77,89],"shown":[51],"that":[52],"photoplethysmography":[53],"(PPG)":[54],"signals":[55],"can":[56,71],"be":[57,72],"remotely":[58],"measured":[59],"(rPPG)":[60],"from":[61,67,81],"videos":[63],"under":[64],"ambient":[65],"light,":[66],"which":[68],"extracted.":[73],"This":[74],"promising":[75],"finding":[76],"attracted":[78],"much":[79],"interest":[80],"researchers,":[82],"field":[85],"of":[86],"rPPG":[87,106],"measurement":[88],"been":[90],"growing":[91],"fast.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94,143],"article,":[95],"we":[96],"review":[97,127],"current":[98,148],"progress":[99],"on":[100,111,129],"intelligent":[101],"signal":[102],"processing":[103],"approaches":[104,113],"measurement,":[107],"including":[108],"earlier":[109],"works":[110],"unsupervised":[112],"recently":[115],"proposed":[116],"supervised":[117],"models,":[118],"benchmark":[119],"data":[120],"sets,":[121],"performance":[123],"evaluation.":[124],"We":[125,141],"also":[126],"studies":[128],"rPPG-based":[130],"affective":[131,138],"applications":[132],"compare":[134],"them":[135],"with":[136],"other":[137],"computing":[139],"modalities.":[140],"conclude":[142],"article":[144],"by":[145],"emphasizing":[146],"main":[149],"challenges":[150],"highlighting":[152],"future":[153],"directions.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}