{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770237559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2017.4251114","title":"NAND Flash Memory Forensic Analysis and the Growing Challenge of Bit Errors","display_name":"NAND Flash Memory Forensic Analysis and the Growing Challenge of Bit Errors","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770237559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2017.4251114","mag":"2770237559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2017.4251114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2017.4251114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055716071","display_name":"Jan Peter van Zandwijk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-1933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158244335","display_name":"Netherlands Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04s2z4291","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158244335"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Peter van Zandwijk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netherlands Forensic Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netherlands Forensic Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158244335"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087590899","display_name":"Aya Fukami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-5888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101159","display_name":"National Police Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0155e5d19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101159"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aya Fukami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japanese National Police Agency"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japanese National Police Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055716071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158244335"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83517117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"82","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7675312757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.6049016118049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.6039557456970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6037020683288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.5236801505088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-memory","display_name":"Computer memory","score":0.5211586952209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-file-system","display_name":"Flash file system","score":0.5073532462120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-memory","display_name":"Flash memory","score":0.49660688638687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4906283915042877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.47835391759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47194260358810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-random-access-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile random-access memory","score":0.4707922041416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.4156394302845001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-refresh","display_name":"Memory refresh","score":0.3676885962486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.17816945910453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1314065158367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08049097657203674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7675312757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.6049016118049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.6039557456970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6037020683288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.5236801505088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92855701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5830907","display_name":"Computer memory","level":3,"score":0.5211586952209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27670709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457555","display_name":"Flash file system","level":4,"score":0.5073532462120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776531357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174077","display_name":"Flash memory","level":2,"score":0.49660688638687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4906283915042877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.47835391759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47194260358810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34172316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499024","display_name":"Non-volatile random-access memory","level":5,"score":0.4707922041416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.4156394302845001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87907426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815755","display_name":"Memory refresh","level":4,"score":0.3676885962486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.17816945910453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1314065158367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08049097657203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2017.4251114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2017.4251114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135986553","https://openalex.org/W2078023065","https://openalex.org/W2129821171","https://openalex.org/W2528201848","https://openalex.org/W2601201291","https://openalex.org/W2601455391","https://openalex.org/W6605561579","https://openalex.org/W6679248497","https://openalex.org/W6989931660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285257158","https://openalex.org/W2185519377","https://openalex.org/W2898989424","https://openalex.org/W4293159259","https://openalex.org/W2171888576","https://openalex.org/W1494152240","https://openalex.org/W919907138","https://openalex.org/W2087924605","https://openalex.org/W1697439211","https://openalex.org/W2505369450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"standard":[1],"acquisition":[2,80],"methods":[3],"fail,":[4],"forensic":[5,75],"investigators":[6],"can,":[7],"in":[8,33],"order":[9],"to":[10,17,87,115],"secure":[11],"data":[12,92],"from":[13,26,72,93,107],"a":[14,73,113,128],"device,":[15,122],"resort":[16],"advanced":[18,45],"chip-off":[19,54],"techniques":[20,83],"where":[21],"memory":[22,35,70,95,110],"chips":[23,71,111],"are":[24],"detached":[25],"the":[27,42,51,59,98,101,121,125],"device":[28],"and":[29,41,77,81,90],"read":[30],"directly.":[31],"Developments":[32],"modern":[34,68],"chip":[36],"technology,":[37],"such":[38,123],"as":[39,112,124],"miniaturization":[40],"introduction":[43],"of":[44,53,67,103,127,130],"reliability":[46,65],"enhancing":[47],"techniques,":[48],"necessarily":[49],"impact":[50],"efficiency":[52],"analysis.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"article,":[58],"authors":[60,99],"discuss":[61],"challenges":[62],"imposed":[63],"by":[64],"aspects":[66],"NAND-flash":[69,94],"digital":[74],"perspective,":[76],"describe":[78,100],"how":[79],"analysis":[82],"can":[84],"be":[85],"adapted":[86],"recover":[88],"accurate":[89],"relevant":[91,118],"chips.":[96],"Additionally,":[97],"idea":[102],"using":[104],"error":[105],"information":[106,119],"NAND":[108],"flash":[109],"means":[114],"infer":[116],"forensically":[117],"about":[120],"age":[126],"piece":[129],"data.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}