{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059335227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.2186763","title":"Observing the Power Grid: Working Toward a More Intelligent, Efficient, and Reliable Smart Grid with Increasing User Visibility","display_name":"Observing the Power Grid: Working Toward a More Intelligent, Efficient, and Reliable Smart Grid with Increasing User Visibility","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059335227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.2186763","mag":"2059335227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2012.2186763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.2186763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066657363","display_name":"Philip Top","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-2763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Top","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California United States","Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103154248","display_name":"Mark R. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-4877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University System, West Lafayette, IN, US","Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University System, West Lafayette, IN, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023736119","display_name":"Edward J. Coyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-0828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed Coyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US","ECE, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014274246","display_name":"Oleg Wasynczuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0803-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Wasynczuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University System, West Lafayette, IN, US","Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University System, West Lafayette, IN, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90868638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"24","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.7917019128799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.751772940158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7124961614608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.703633189201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6868495941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixture","display_name":"Fixture","score":0.5170019865036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.513468325138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.48830294609069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-balance","display_name":"Power Balance","score":0.4497220814228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-industry","display_name":"Electric power industry","score":0.4454543888568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4444190263748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4331223964691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.4182441234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39202335476875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3682718873023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3200768232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1617073118686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11314016580581665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.7917019128799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.751772940158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7124961614608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.703633189201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6868495941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15983064","display_name":"Fixture","level":2,"score":0.5170019865036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.513468325138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.48830294609069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210494","display_name":"Power Balance","level":3,"score":0.4497220814228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170777988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2316331","display_name":"Electric power industry","level":3,"score":0.4454543888568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4444190263748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4331223964691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.4182441234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39202335476875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3682718873023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3200768232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1617073118686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11314016580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2012.2186763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.2186763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607713943","https://openalex.org/W1527622112","https://openalex.org/W1608929012","https://openalex.org/W1970717318","https://openalex.org/W1980606666","https://openalex.org/W2015304446","https://openalex.org/W2019976492","https://openalex.org/W2033689733","https://openalex.org/W2034963564","https://openalex.org/W2050571428","https://openalex.org/W2067475333","https://openalex.org/W2085835164","https://openalex.org/W2086135154","https://openalex.org/W2098521859","https://openalex.org/W2107899981","https://openalex.org/W2122785876","https://openalex.org/W2126658868","https://openalex.org/W2138679438","https://openalex.org/W2144862439","https://openalex.org/W2150148402","https://openalex.org/W2155548878","https://openalex.org/W2158848666","https://openalex.org/W2162350793","https://openalex.org/W2172051668","https://openalex.org/W2555285308","https://openalex.org/W2985077294","https://openalex.org/W4255076052","https://openalex.org/W6636369521","https://openalex.org/W6683834691","https://openalex.org/W6730440267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076018311","https://openalex.org/W4385900761","https://openalex.org/W2380777809","https://openalex.org/W4210432190","https://openalex.org/W4385561830","https://openalex.org/W390748187","https://openalex.org/W3132708226","https://openalex.org/W2353571477","https://openalex.org/W2357434554","https://openalex.org/W2392812199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1],"essential":[2],"fixture":[3],"of":[4,48,68,100,145,153],"modern":[5],"society,":[6],"electricity":[7,69],"is":[8,20,24,29,84,95,113],"often":[9],"taken":[10],"for":[11,40],"granted.":[12],"In":[13,61],"many":[14],"cases,":[15],"it":[16,23,28],"becomes":[17],"invisible":[18],"or":[19,27,168],"ignored":[21],"until":[22],"not":[25],"there":[26,83],"time":[30],"to":[31,76,127],"pay":[32],"the":[33,46,54,66,73,78,91,107,120,124,128,135,148,154],"electric":[34],"bill.":[35],"Electricity":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"around":[39],"well":[41,110],"over":[42],"a":[43,62,98,142,166],"century,":[44],"and":[45,50,102,151,157,162],"march":[47],"industry":[49],"progress":[51],"have":[52],"created":[53],"most":[55],"complex":[56],"interconnected":[57],"system":[58,79,122],"in":[59],"existence.":[60],"delicate":[63],"balancing":[64],"act,":[65],"amount":[67,74],"generation":[70],"must":[71],"track":[72],"consumed":[75],"prevent":[77],"from":[80,123,164],"collapsing,":[81],"as":[82],"only":[85],"very":[86],"limited":[87],"storage":[88],"capacity":[89],"on":[90],"grid.":[92,108],"The":[93],"balance":[94,112],"maintained":[96,114],"via":[97],"combination":[99],"predictions":[101],"control":[103],"systems":[104],"distributed":[105],"across":[106,119,134],"How":[109],"this":[111],"produces":[115],"signals":[116,139],"that":[117,131],"propagate":[118],"entire":[121],"large":[125],"generators":[126],"wall":[129],"outlets":[130],"are":[132],"ubiquitous":[133],"world.":[136],"Observing":[137],"these":[138],"can":[140,158],"provide":[141],"great":[143],"deal":[144],"insight":[146],"into":[147],"current":[149],"status":[150],"operation":[152],"power":[155],"grid":[156],"be":[159],"done":[160],"cheaply":[161],"accurately":[163],"inside":[165],"home":[167],"office.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}