{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163817142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2005.1458275","title":"Network-based wireless location: challenges faced in developing techniques for accurate wireless location information","display_name":"Network-based wireless location: challenges faced in developing techniques for accurate wireless location information","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163817142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2005.1458275","mag":"2163817142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2005.1458275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2005.1458275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/233026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A.H. Sayed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.H. Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079776819","display_name":"A. Tarighat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Tarighat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021413111","display_name":"N. Khajehnouri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Khajehnouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":67.6144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1317,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99975856,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"24","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6963304877281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.6610637903213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6101368069648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-wan","display_name":"Wireless WAN","score":0.5290754437446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5075472593307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-communications-service","display_name":"Personal Communications Service","score":0.4682563245296478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.46440720558166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4643225073814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46333587169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-wireless-network","display_name":"Municipal wireless network","score":0.4488261342048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-security","display_name":"Wireless security","score":0.4344097375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-resource-management","display_name":"Radio resource management","score":0.42656558752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi-array","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","score":0.4177659749984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-site-survey","display_name":"Wireless site survey","score":0.41533324122428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37930721044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.28046661615371704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6963304877281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.6610637903213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6101368069648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87379069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938054","display_name":"Wireless WAN","level":5,"score":0.5290754437446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5075472593307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76118137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187511","display_name":"Personal Communications Service","level":5,"score":0.4682563245296478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.46440720558166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4643225073814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46333587169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81376181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6936369","display_name":"Municipal wireless network","level":5,"score":0.4488261342048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655812","display_name":"Wireless security","level":4,"score":0.4344097375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.42656558752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152153834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339878","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","level":4,"score":0.4177659749984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13021490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026901","display_name":"Wireless site survey","level":5,"score":0.41533324122428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37930721044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.28046661615371704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2005.1458275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2005.1458275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:233026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/233026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:233026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/233026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506211858","https://openalex.org/W1519649893","https://openalex.org/W1523472512","https://openalex.org/W1525082254","https://openalex.org/W1547069917","https://openalex.org/W1559317922","https://openalex.org/W1565980524","https://openalex.org/W1608826770","https://openalex.org/W1762300808","https://openalex.org/W1879944367","https://openalex.org/W1940760116","https://openalex.org/W1948392437","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1999604371","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2017231306","https://openalex.org/W2020405099","https://openalex.org/W2028125626","https://openalex.org/W2060716435","https://openalex.org/W2080830113","https://openalex.org/W2094204865","https://openalex.org/W2101417447","https://openalex.org/W2102858470","https://openalex.org/W2102861411","https://openalex.org/W2103420863","https://openalex.org/W2105243443","https://openalex.org/W2113065846","https://openalex.org/W2114365263","https://openalex.org/W2119855324","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2122021759","https://openalex.org/W2133353795","https://openalex.org/W2133490805","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2140889508","https://openalex.org/W2141802175","https://openalex.org/W2143243918","https://openalex.org/W2143864831","https://openalex.org/W2145569511","https://openalex.org/W2147531059","https://openalex.org/W2147987488","https://openalex.org/W2148300020","https://openalex.org/W2150371009","https://openalex.org/W2152286118","https://openalex.org/W2153045228","https://openalex.org/W2153587859","https://openalex.org/W2155024155","https://openalex.org/W2155771977","https://openalex.org/W2156586831","https://openalex.org/W2156946183","https://openalex.org/W2159052999","https://openalex.org/W2159564556","https://openalex.org/W2162499288","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2163513242","https://openalex.org/W2164238332","https://openalex.org/W2164938942","https://openalex.org/W2166364057","https://openalex.org/W2168132632","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2170390609","https://openalex.org/W2171357383","https://openalex.org/W2171498566","https://openalex.org/W2587162452","https://openalex.org/W3139575101","https://openalex.org/W4233072932","https://openalex.org/W4243330440","https://openalex.org/W4253307973","https://openalex.org/W4255464467","https://openalex.org/W6684633404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047183329","https://openalex.org/W2385914013","https://openalex.org/W4293653084","https://openalex.org/W2392117612","https://openalex.org/W1542639188","https://openalex.org/W2185909443","https://openalex.org/W2757601162","https://openalex.org/W2378519673","https://openalex.org/W2186645216","https://openalex.org/W2355916317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0,20],"location":[1,21,78,128,137,166],"refers":[2],"to":[3,36,52,92,118],"the":[4,41,61,77,85,93,98],"geographic":[5],"coordinates":[6],"of":[7,31,69,79,164],"a":[8,54,66,171],"mobile":[9,75,149],"subscriber":[10],"in":[11,34,46],"cellular":[12,32,154],"or":[13],"wireless":[14,94,127,165],"local":[15],"area":[16],"network":[17],"(WLAN)":[18],"environments.":[19],"finding":[22],"has":[23],"emerged":[24],"as":[25],"an":[26,37,162],"essential":[27],"public":[28,56],"safety":[29,57],"feature":[30],"systems":[33],"response":[35],"order":[38],"issued":[39],"by":[40,60],"Federal":[42],"Communications":[43],"Commission":[44],"(FCC)":[45],"1996.":[47],"The":[48],"FCC":[49,99],"mandate":[50],"aims":[51],"solve":[53],"serious":[55],"problem":[58],"caused":[59],"fact":[62],"that,":[63],"at":[64],"present,":[65],"large":[67],"proportion":[68],"all":[70],"911":[71],"calls":[72],"originate":[73],"from":[74],"phones,":[76],"which":[80],"cannot":[81],"be":[82],"determined":[83],"with":[84,170],"existing":[86],"technology.":[87],"However,":[88],"many":[89,123],"difficulties":[90],"intrinsic":[91],"environment":[95],"make":[96],"meeting":[97],"objective":[100],"challenging.":[101],"These":[102],"challenges":[103,167],"include":[104],"channel":[105],"fading,":[106],"low":[107],"signal-to-noise":[108],"ratios":[109],"(SNRs),":[110],"multiuser":[111],"interference,":[112],"and":[113,132,152,157,168,177],"multipath":[114],"conditions.":[115],"In":[116],"addition":[117],"emergency":[119],"services,":[120],"there":[121],"are":[122],"other":[124],"applications":[125],"for":[126,134],"technology,":[129],"including":[130],"monitoring":[131],"tracking":[133],"security":[135],"reasons,":[136],"sensitive":[138],"billing,":[139],"fraud":[140],"protection,":[141],"asset":[142],"tracking,":[143],"fleet":[144],"management,":[145],"intelligent":[146],"transportation":[147],"systems,":[148],"yellow":[150],"pages,":[151],"even":[153],"system":[155],"design":[156],"management.":[158],"This":[159],"article":[160],"provides":[161],"overview":[163],"techniques":[169],"special":[172],"focus":[173],"on":[174],"network-based":[175],"technologies":[176],"applications.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":105}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
