{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1523416581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1276112","title":"When seeing isn't believing","display_name":"When seeing isn't believing","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1523416581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1276112","mag":"1523416581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2004.1276112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1276112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101958227","display_name":"Bin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-0752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B.B. Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, Beijing, CN","Microsoft research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057537386","display_name":"M.D. Swanson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163361683","display_name":"Cognizant (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036s7bw54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Swanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognicity, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognicity, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089360428","display_name":"Ahmed H. Tewfik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4391"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.H. Tewfik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101958227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.0988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98699854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"40","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8101941347122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7995520830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.7114202976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.6132928729057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.4474506378173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.4449639618396759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.44017714262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4224304258823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4135030508041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.24964696168899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.16896381974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16298437118530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8101941347122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7995520830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.7114202976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.6132928729057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4474506378173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.4449639618396759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44017714262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4224304258823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4135030508041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.24964696168899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.16896381974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16298437118530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2004.1276112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1276112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39003839","https://openalex.org/W133130936","https://openalex.org/W193805461","https://openalex.org/W1540552746","https://openalex.org/W1799922503","https://openalex.org/W1822034899","https://openalex.org/W1854557219","https://openalex.org/W1871967119","https://openalex.org/W1945093115","https://openalex.org/W2001792341","https://openalex.org/W2003757471","https://openalex.org/W2013134982","https://openalex.org/W2046071494","https://openalex.org/W2050530804","https://openalex.org/W2071755185","https://openalex.org/W2075070051","https://openalex.org/W2085762706","https://openalex.org/W2105770740","https://openalex.org/W2115247187","https://openalex.org/W2115905033","https://openalex.org/W2122014146","https://openalex.org/W2123218196","https://openalex.org/W2126554342","https://openalex.org/W2144004986","https://openalex.org/W2153895392","https://openalex.org/W2154452829","https://openalex.org/W2164070648","https://openalex.org/W2164840593","https://openalex.org/W2166554499","https://openalex.org/W2166820261","https://openalex.org/W2472345474","https://openalex.org/W3146304368","https://openalex.org/W4210694990","https://openalex.org/W4247934040","https://openalex.org/W6601563183","https://openalex.org/W6605387191","https://openalex.org/W6638398327","https://openalex.org/W6681202947","https://openalex.org/W6682842988","https://openalex.org/W6793213854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361629745","https://openalex.org/W1512373895","https://openalex.org/W2359773540","https://openalex.org/W4327926797","https://openalex.org/W2795318091","https://openalex.org/W1669086842","https://openalex.org/W4294068482","https://openalex.org/W2141372244","https://openalex.org/W2062005526","https://openalex.org/W2358945663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"multimedia":[1,29,48],"is":[2,6,31],"ubiquitous":[3],"today.":[4],"Multimedia":[5],"easily":[7],"reproduced":[8],"and":[9,80],"modified":[10],"without":[11],"any":[12],"trace":[13],"of":[14,47],"manipulations.":[15],"In":[16,36],"most":[17],"cases,":[18],"a":[19,28,41,60],"human":[20],"will":[21],"not":[22],"be":[23],"able":[24],"to":[25,51],"judge":[26],"whether":[27],"signal":[30,54],"authentic":[32],"by":[33],"perceptual":[34],"inspection.":[35],"this":[37],"article":[38,58],"we":[39],"provide":[40],"compact":[42],"yet":[43],"fairly":[44],"comprehensive":[45],"introduction":[46],"authentication":[49],"(MA)":[50],"the":[52,64],"general":[53],"processing":[55],"audience.":[56],"The":[57],"gives":[59],"brief":[61],"discussion":[62],"on":[63],"different":[65],"MA":[66],"technologies":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69],"hard":[70],"authentication,":[71,73,75,77,79],"soft":[72],"quality-based":[74],"content-based":[76],"block":[78],"lossless":[81],"watermarking.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T17:19:04.345684","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
