{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058313032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1267048","title":"Structured low-density parity-check codes","display_name":"Structured low-density parity-check codes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058313032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1267048","mag":"2058313032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2004.1267048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1267048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045861415","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. F. Moura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-8294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.M.F. Moura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and computer engineering, Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and computer engineering, Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077058548","display_name":"Jin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-6166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392967","display_name":"Haotian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0478-3869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045861415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9660245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.8534675240516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/girth","display_name":"Girth (graph theory)","score":0.6938239336013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartite-graph","display_name":"Bipartite graph","score":0.6247349977493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4970109760761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raptor-code","display_name":"Raptor code","score":0.48343002796173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.47379061579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43276768922805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4191960394382477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanner-graph","display_name":"Tanner graph","score":0.41764047741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41203564405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.37632763385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-floor","display_name":"Error floor","score":0.371738463640213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3193616271018982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.8534675240516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777434295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959831","display_name":"Girth (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6938239336013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.6247349977493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4970109760761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101252705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294373","display_name":"Raptor code","level":5,"score":0.48343002796173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47379061579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43276768922805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4191960394382477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7683664","display_name":"Tanner graph","level":5,"score":0.41764047741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41203564405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.37632763385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46462455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5395712","display_name":"Error floor","level":4,"score":0.371738463640213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3193616271018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2004.1267048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1267048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152471750","https://openalex.org/W1534925464","https://openalex.org/W1542670990","https://openalex.org/W1571565904","https://openalex.org/W1572884776","https://openalex.org/W1578839709","https://openalex.org/W1585739803","https://openalex.org/W1642206288","https://openalex.org/W1647219390","https://openalex.org/W1759754789","https://openalex.org/W1813544306","https://openalex.org/W1930522892","https://openalex.org/W1994008332","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2054649237","https://openalex.org/W2065707239","https://openalex.org/W2066706130","https://openalex.org/W2083549688","https://openalex.org/W2098067999","https://openalex.org/W2099140878","https://openalex.org/W2103353540","https://openalex.org/W2113132074","https://openalex.org/W2114869758","https://openalex.org/W2118772688","https://openalex.org/W2121606987","https://openalex.org/W2123556360","https://openalex.org/W2127490352","https://openalex.org/W2127875464","https://openalex.org/W2129031807","https://openalex.org/W2133068391","https://openalex.org/W2134700719","https://openalex.org/W2135764410","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2138998946","https://openalex.org/W2145548877","https://openalex.org/W2158549933","https://openalex.org/W2160357152","https://openalex.org/W2162913251","https://openalex.org/W2496193386","https://openalex.org/W2577125604","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W4235946010","https://openalex.org/W4238327122","https://openalex.org/W4243285511","https://openalex.org/W4246078823","https://openalex.org/W4246142222","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W6606175091","https://openalex.org/W6634121476","https://openalex.org/W6634827527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150639697","https://openalex.org/W2386033600","https://openalex.org/W2143011401","https://openalex.org/W1972501090","https://openalex.org/W3087284767","https://openalex.org/W4280578950","https://openalex.org/W2391969905","https://openalex.org/W2026870330","https://openalex.org/W2122913048","https://openalex.org/W2121986337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,136],"describes":[2],"the":[3,34,41,46,53,56,90,97,108,124,138],"different":[4],"methods":[5],"to":[6,22,67,96],"design":[7],"regular":[8,26],"low":[9],"density":[10],"parity-check":[11],"(LDPC)":[12],"codes":[13,87,113,125],"with":[14,28,93,114],"large":[15,29,94],"girth.":[16,30],"In":[17],"graph":[18],"terms,":[19],"this":[20,135],"corresponds":[21],"designing":[23],"bipartite":[24],"undirected":[25],"graphs":[27],"Large":[31],"girth":[32,95,116],"speeds":[33],"convergence":[35],"of":[36,55,100,123,140],"iterative":[37],"decoding":[38],"and":[39,74,78,84,88,144],"improves":[40],"performance":[42,92,99],"at":[43],"least":[44],"in":[45,107,134],"high":[47,109,115],"SNR":[48,110],"range,":[49],"by":[50],"slowing":[51],"down":[52],"onsetting":[54],"error":[57],"floor.":[58],"We":[59,81],"reviewed":[60],"several":[61],"existing":[62],"constructions":[63],"from":[64],"exhaustive":[65],"search":[66],"highly":[68],"structured":[69],"designs":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"Euclidean":[73],"projective":[75],"finite":[76],"geometries":[77],"combinatorial":[79],"designs.":[80],"describe":[82],"GB":[83],"TS":[85],"LDPC":[86],"compared":[89],"BER":[91,98,119],"random":[101],"codes.":[102],"These":[103],"studies":[104],"confirm":[105],"that":[106,129],"regime":[111],"these":[112],"exhibit":[117],"better":[118],"performance.":[120],"The":[121],"regularity":[122],"provides":[126],"additional":[127],"advantages":[128],"we":[130],"did":[131],"not":[132],"explore":[133],"like":[137],"simplicity":[139],"their":[141],"hardware":[142],"implementation":[143],"fast":[145],"encoding.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}