{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4247811245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3129992","title":"CrawlPhish: Large-Scale Analysis of Client-Side Cloaking Techniques in Phishing","display_name":"CrawlPhish: Large-Scale Analysis of Client-Side Cloaking Techniques in Phishing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4247811245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3129992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3129992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3129992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022745444","display_name":"Penghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-7615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Penghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000604351","display_name":"Adam Oest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-3714"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Oest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University and PayPal, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University and PayPal, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060286024","display_name":"Haehyun Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-5252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haehyun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soongsil University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soongsil University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035274621","display_name":"Zhibo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-8737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030454129","display_name":"RC Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302135459","display_name":"PayPal (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/016jadm77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302135459"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.C. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["PayPal, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PayPal, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302135459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039595083","display_name":"Brad Wardman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad Wardman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044901966","display_name":"Shaown Sarker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaown Sarker","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041544321","display_name":"Alexandros Kapravelos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Kapravelos","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076987446","display_name":"Tiffany Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653715","display_name":"Ruoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-6724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026842092","display_name":"Yan Shoshitaishvili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-1789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Shoshitaishvili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050806439","display_name":"Adam Doup\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-3901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Doupe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025770693","display_name":"Gail\u2010Joon Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-1666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail-Joon Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University and Samsung Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University and Samsung Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022745444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86129148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"10","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.9170067310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.8050814270973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evasion","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","score":0.7621225118637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6608235836029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client-side","display_name":"Client-side","score":0.6571775674819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6193122863769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5887951850891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5201621055603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-users","display_name":"Internet users","score":0.4645874798297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4446059763431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-security","display_name":"Internet security","score":0.4120194613933563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4071540832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.11831513047218323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.9170067310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.8050814270973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.7621225118637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6608235836029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202477664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352449","display_name":"Client-side","level":2,"score":0.6571775674819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6193122863769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5887951850891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5201621055603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019036681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"Internet users","level":3,"score":0.4645874798297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4446059763431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22111027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070427","display_name":"Internet security","level":4,"score":0.4120194613933563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4071540832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.11831513047218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3129992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3129992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5258092136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA875019C0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5969207672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A4A1029650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8269911054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1703375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8450722877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001118C0060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982859085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1703644","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334408","display_name":"Center for Cybersecurity and Digital Forensics, Arizona State University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022710553","https://openalex.org/W2424402128","https://openalex.org/W2604507227","https://openalex.org/W2765227388","https://openalex.org/W2807822918","https://openalex.org/W2933056782","https://openalex.org/W2944554782","https://openalex.org/W3020358023","https://openalex.org/W3082159171","https://openalex.org/W3153291434","https://openalex.org/W4288079443","https://openalex.org/W6776693929","https://openalex.org/W6782057393","https://openalex.org/W6793994979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108752399","https://openalex.org/W2914974179","https://openalex.org/W2599796917","https://openalex.org/W2578097771","https://openalex.org/W4317952638","https://openalex.org/W2986804046","https://openalex.org/W2623568172","https://openalex.org/W2287013604","https://openalex.org/W1523234773","https://openalex.org/W4378417285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phishing":[0],"websites":[1],"with":[2],"advanced":[3],"evasion":[4,35],"techniques":[5],"are":[6],"a":[7,24],"critical":[8],"threat":[9],"to":[10],"Internet":[11],"users":[12],"because":[13],"they":[14],"delay":[15],"detection":[16],"by":[17,37],"current":[18],"antiphishing":[19],"systems.":[20],"We":[21],"present":[22],"CrawlPhish,":[23],"framework":[25],"for":[26],"automatically":[27],"detecting":[28],"and":[29],"categorizing":[30],"the":[31],"client-side":[32],"(e.g.,":[33],"JavaScript)":[34],"used":[36],"phishing":[38],"websites.":[39]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}