{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180594451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","title":"The Law and Lawful Hacking","display_name":"The Law and Lawful Hacking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180594451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","mag":"3180594451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/9475176/09475394.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/9475176/09475394.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078255942","display_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-0407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078255942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09317991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"76","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.9161094427108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.6223129630088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doors","display_name":"Doors","score":0.5602006912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.5081760883331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4952472746372223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statute","display_name":"Statute","score":0.449678897857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.43143704533576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38598430156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22351673245429993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.9161094427108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6223129630088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4037520","display_name":"Doors","level":2,"score":0.5602006912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5081760883331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4952472746372223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.449678897857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.43143704533576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38598430156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22351673245429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/9475176/09475394.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3077374","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/9475176/09475394.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180594451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180594451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071069311","https://openalex.org/W2310629742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016239942","https://openalex.org/W2487340859","https://openalex.org/W2486091485","https://openalex.org/W4293365988","https://openalex.org/W2374188760","https://openalex.org/W2997934945","https://openalex.org/W4205206412","https://openalex.org/W2468876127","https://openalex.org/W2885750329","https://openalex.org/W2921504876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discusses":[0,40],"the":[1,26,41,51],"viabilty":[2],"of":[3,46],"instituting":[4],"\"lawful":[5],"hacking\"":[6],"-":[7],"law":[8],"enforcement":[9],"hacking":[10,48],"into":[11,18],"computers\u2014as":[12],"preferable":[13],"to":[14],"putting":[15],"back":[16],"doors":[17],"encryption":[19],"systems.":[20],"There\u2019s":[21],"just":[22],"one":[23],"problem:":[24],"in":[25],"United":[27],"States,":[28],"at":[29],"least,":[30],"there\u2019s":[31],"not":[32],"a":[33,55],"specific":[34],"statute":[35],"that":[36,53],"actually":[37],"permits":[38],"this.":[39],"legal":[42],"and":[43,49],"ethical":[44],"aspects":[45],"lawful":[47],"examines":[50],"likelihood":[52],"such":[54],"concept":[56],"would":[57],"become":[58],"law.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}