{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158650358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3070978","title":"Is Vulnerability Report Confidence Redundant? Pitfalls Using Temporal Risk Scores","display_name":"Is Vulnerability Report Confidence Redundant? Pitfalls Using Temporal Risk Scores","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158650358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3070978","mag":"3158650358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3070978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3070978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000863848","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Boechat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois Boechat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077763611","display_name":"Gabriel Ribas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Ribas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070320187","display_name":"Lucas Senos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Senos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078375408","display_name":"Miguel Bicudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6266-4369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Bicudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6266-4369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085633170","display_name":"Mateus Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-8987"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateus Schulz Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-8987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058585548","display_name":"Leandro Pfleger de Aguiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-328X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leandro Pfleger de Aguiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Technology, Princeton, New Jersey United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Technology, Princeton, New Jersey United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034604991","display_name":"Daniel Sadoc Menasch\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-4003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Sadoc Menasche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-4003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87134978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"44","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7202671766281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/de-facto","display_name":"De facto","score":0.5713390111923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.5199293494224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49942588806152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.4460068941116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3841925859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.26627734303474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19806402921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13035860657691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12451356649398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07660612463951111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7202671766281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992317946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144","display_name":"De facto","level":2,"score":0.5713390111923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5199293494224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49942588806152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.4460068941116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3841925859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.26627734303474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19806402921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13035860657691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12451356649398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07660612463951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2021.3070978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2021.3070978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3603867705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-26/203.215/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4136432296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-26/211.144/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5584248721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"315110/2020-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971733255","https://openalex.org/W2077937403","https://openalex.org/W2294973055","https://openalex.org/W2533698187","https://openalex.org/W2766615649","https://openalex.org/W2798110387","https://openalex.org/W2964738734","https://openalex.org/W3044927412","https://openalex.org/W3080878745","https://openalex.org/W3095258863","https://openalex.org/W3130623539","https://openalex.org/W3131737144","https://openalex.org/W4288263078","https://openalex.org/W6766458556","https://openalex.org/W6781159446","https://openalex.org/W6791300599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162350346","https://openalex.org/W2417158417","https://openalex.org/W3138050359","https://openalex.org/W2085558045","https://openalex.org/W4210784828","https://openalex.org/W2946634840","https://openalex.org/W2967550622","https://openalex.org/W51752556","https://openalex.org/W3193040745","https://openalex.org/W2000498638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Common":[1],"Vulnerability":[2],"Scoring":[3],"System":[4],"score":[5],"is":[6],"the":[7,30,36,45],"de":[8],"facto":[9],"standard":[10],"to":[11],"assess":[12],"risk":[13,49],"of":[14,47],"software":[15],"vulnerabilities,":[16],"with":[17],"three":[18],"temporal":[19,48],"components:":[20],"exploitability,":[21],"remediation":[22],"level,":[23],"and":[24,41],"report":[25],"confidence.":[26],"We":[27],"discuss":[28],"how":[29],"latter":[31],"may":[32],"be":[33],"inferred":[34],"from":[35],"first":[37],"two,":[38],"pointing":[39],"practical":[40],"conceptual":[42],"issues":[43],"in":[44],"usage":[46],"scores.":[50]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}