{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972029559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2922866","title":"Applying Resilience to Hybrid Threats","display_name":"Applying Resilience to Hybrid Threats","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972029559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2922866","mag":"2972029559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2019.2922866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2922866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security &amp; Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066135816","display_name":"Igor Linkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-8107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Igor Linkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048647728","display_name":"Fabrizio Baiardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Baiardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056871771","display_name":"Marie\u2010Valentine Florin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-3928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Valentine Florin","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Risk Governance Center, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Risk Governance Center, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016773245","display_name":"Scott L. Greer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Greer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031208414","display_name":"James H. Lambert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9426-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Lambert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011088132","display_name":"Miriam Pollock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3606-6015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Pollock","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073736947","display_name":"Jean-Marc Rickli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-1802"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Marc Rickli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054684928","display_name":"Lada Roslycky","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lada Roslycky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Defence Anti-Corruption Committee, Kyiv, Ukraine"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Defence Anti-Corruption Committee, Kyiv, Ukraine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036296988","display_name":"Thomas P. Seager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-252X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Seager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048824058","display_name":"Heimir Thorisson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heimir Thorisson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008768979","display_name":"Benjamin D. Trump","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-733X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin D. Trump","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066135816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91160062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"78","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8125746846199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.6548365354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.6479774713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6204846501350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5754090547561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5328959226608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.5208352208137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.44544804096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42984768748283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.23260077834129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08179926872253418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8125746846199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.6548365354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.6479774713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6204846501350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5754090547561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5328959226608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5208352208137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44544804096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42984768748283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23260077834129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08179926872253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2019.2922866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2922866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security &amp; Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1063057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1063057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1100220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1100220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:270446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:270446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731457293","https://openalex.org/W2187699853","https://openalex.org/W2505999616","https://openalex.org/W2513867367","https://openalex.org/W2599221428","https://openalex.org/W2792874849","https://openalex.org/W2884694296","https://openalex.org/W2910968407","https://openalex.org/W2911922326","https://openalex.org/W2923134570","https://openalex.org/W2963043442","https://openalex.org/W6735228991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997512100","https://openalex.org/W2331043530","https://openalex.org/W3048799479","https://openalex.org/W2393933887","https://openalex.org/W2075276585","https://openalex.org/W3175571572","https://openalex.org/W2255369402","https://openalex.org/W2462719560","https://openalex.org/W2104014968","https://openalex.org/W2125815685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Where":[0],"hybrid":[1,64,121],"threats":[2],"represent":[3],"potential":[4,49],"disruptions":[5,113],"to":[6,24,53],"interlaced":[7],"and":[8,13,17,27,46,57,60,83,90],"interdependent":[9],"systems":[10],"within":[11],"national":[12],"local":[14],"governments,":[15],"companies,":[16],"even":[18],"individual":[19],"households,":[20],"methodologies":[21,72],"are":[22],"needed":[23,102],"help":[25],"identify":[26],"understand":[28],"1)":[29],"the":[30,33,36,48,77,117],"source":[31],"of":[32,44,79,111,120],"disruptions;":[34],"2)":[35],"system":[37],"vulnerabilities":[38],"they":[39],"exploit":[40],"with":[41],"varying":[42],"degrees":[43],"success;":[45],"3)":[47],"for":[50,70,105],"cascading":[51],"harms":[52],"infrastructure,":[54],"information":[55],"systems,":[56],"social":[58],"harmony":[59],"cohesion":[61],"should":[62],"a":[63,97,106],"threat":[65],"be":[66],"successful.":[67],"The":[68],"need":[69],"such":[71],"is":[73,101],"particularly":[74],"salient":[75],"given":[76],"rise":[78],"cyberhacking,":[80],"data":[81],"theft,":[82],"fake":[84],"news":[85],"events":[86],"triggered":[87],"by":[88],"state":[89],"nonstate":[91],"actors.":[92],"To":[93],"address":[94],"these":[95],"challenges,":[96],"multifactorial,":[98],"multitemporal":[99],"approach":[100],"that":[103],"allows":[104],"whole":[107],"-of":[108],"-system":[109],"view":[110],"how":[112],"can":[114],"percolate":[115],"throughout":[116],"nested":[118],"interconnections":[119],"-threat":[122],"targets.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-09-12T00:00:00"}
