{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4235646161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","title":"Layered Insecurity","display_name":"Layered Insecurity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4235646161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2906807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/8711480/08713284.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/8711480/08713284.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078255942","display_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-0407"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Affiliate Law, Colombia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Affiliate Law, Colombia University, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078255942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87025454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"96","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.8335999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.8335999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6309554576873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5281139612197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4485640525817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.429910808801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.37379902601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3411077857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09033378958702087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6309554576873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5281139612197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4485640525817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.429910808801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37379902601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3411077857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09033378958702087}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/8711480/08713284.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2019.2906807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8013/8711480/08713284.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61906035","display_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","issn_l":"1540-7993","issn":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Security & Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W2167984027","https://openalex.org/W3021302227","https://openalex.org/W10630519","https://openalex.org/W1919377569","https://openalex.org/W3144288563","https://openalex.org/W3123907821","https://openalex.org/W2382319620","https://openalex.org/W2360633292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0,4],"systems":[1],"are":[2,26,57],"layered.":[3],"security":[5,55],"isn\u2019t\u2014and":[6],"that\u2019s":[7],"a":[8],"problem.":[9],"About":[10],"25":[11],"years":[12],"ago,":[13],"in":[14],"Firewalls":[15],"and":[16,21,48,69],"Internet":[17],"Security,":[18],"Bill":[19],"Cheswick":[20],"I":[22],"noted":[23],"that":[24,40,41],"firewalls":[25],"ineffective":[27],"against":[28],"attacks":[29],"at":[30],"higher":[31],"levels":[32],"of":[33,63,66,71],"the":[34,61,67,72],"network":[35],"stack.":[36],"It":[37],"turns":[38],"out":[39],"principle":[42],"applies":[43],"to":[44,49],"lower":[45],"levels,":[46],"too,":[47],"far":[50],"more":[51],"than":[52],"firewalls.":[53],"Any":[54],"mechanisms":[56],"utterly":[58],"dependent":[59],"on":[60],"behavior":[62],"other":[64],"layers":[65,80],"system,":[68],"most":[70],"time,":[73],"we":[74],"don\u2019t":[75],"even":[76],"know":[77],"what":[78],"those":[79],"are,":[81],"let":[82],"alone":[83],"how":[84],"they":[85],"behave.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}